Unit 1 Contact

Question 1

Swahili

Answer 1

Bantu language with Arabic words, spoken along the East African coast, people speaking it were involved in Indian Ocean trade

Question 2

Islam

Answer 2

Spread of it helped integrate sub-Saharan Africa into global trade networks, was allowed in the Kingdom of Ghana, spread of it was evidenced by Mansa Musa’s hajj

Question 3

Indian Ocean Trade & Goods Traded

Answer 3

East Africa participated (Swahili peoples), traded ivory, gold, and slaves, Portugal profited off of it (dominated sea lanes and tried to tax those using the routes)

Question 4

Great Zimbabwe

Answer 4

Bantu, gold rich, controlled interior African trade

Question 5

Mali Empire

Answer 5

Successor to the Kingdom of Ghana, had horses (from Sundiata’s triumph), Mansa Musa was the emperor at one time, helped trade become more integrated with Eurasia, known for its wealth

Question 6

Timbuktu

Answer 6

Main city in Mali, commercial, religious, and intellectual center

Question 7

Trans-Saharan Trade and Goods Traded

Answer 7

Spread of Islam helped integrate it, traded salt, gold, and slaves

Question 8

Mansa Musa

Answer 8

Emperor of Mali (at one time), made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and established trade routes to the Middle East, was very rich (crashed Cairo market due to so much gold)

Question 9

Catalan Atlas

Answer 9

14th century map that depicted a single black ruler (Mansa Musa) controlling a vast quantity of gold in interior Africa

Question 10

Caravel

Answer 10

Portuguese ship with triangular sails built for strong winds/currents (used tacking)

Question 11

Carrack

Answer 11

Portuguese 3-4 masted ship built for rough waters

Question 12

Astrolabe

Answer 12

Instrument used by sailors to determine their location (looked at position of the stars/planets)

Question 13

Vasco da Gama

Answer 13

First European to reach India (Indian Ocean) by sailing around the tip of Africa, found a commercial network (wanted to take it over), used skilled Muslim mariners to assist him (had knowledge of winds, ports, currents)

Question 14

Tainos

Answer 14

People who met Columbus. both thought the other was savage, Taino had ignorance of European goods (ships, horses–just didn’t know!), saw Europeans had beards, bad breath, and bad manners, and natives marveled that they could not live off the land

Question 15

Atlantic System

Answer 15

System of trade and expansion that linked Europe, Africa, and the Americas (traded slaves, goods, etc.–>caused by Euro. colonization of Americas)

Question 16

Christopher Colombus

Answer 16

He mistakenly discovered the Americas in 1492 while searching for a faster route to India

Question 17

Colonialism

Answer 17

Attempt by one country to establish settlements and impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory

Question 18

Conquistadors

Answer 18

Spanish military leaders, led conquest of the New World (16th century)

Question 19

Columbian Exchange

Answer 19

Transfer of previously unknown plants, animals, people, diseases, and products (in the wake of Columbus’ voyage)

Question 20

Plantation Agriculture

Answer 20

Required mills and LOTS of labor, but was highly profitable (sugar plantations were worked by slaves, had AWFUL conditions–sugar was a killing crop)

Question 21

Encomienda

Answer 21

Grant by the Spanish Crown to an American colonist giving them the right to demand tribute/forced labor from the Amerindian inhabitants of the area (used in mines, plantations, public works)

Question 22

Mita System

Answer 22

(Incan) Local system recruiting labor, village elders selected a stipulated number of men to work in shafts, refineries, and smelters (got a lot of silver, but also a lot of death)

Question 23

Santo Domingo /Saint Domingue

Answer 23

One of the wealthiest societies based on slavery of all time (produced half of world’s sugar and coffee by 1789–merchants and planters there had Euro.-noble-style homes)

Question 24

Role of Europeans in the Slave Trade

Answer 24

Bought/sold slaves (used for labor)

Question 25

Middle Passage

Answer 25

Voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America/the West Indies

Question 26

Impact on Africa (Atlantic Slave Trade)

Answer 26

Allowed African merchants and warlords to gain commercial success (consolidate political power/grow wealthy), let Africans working in the slave trade to obtain European goods (guns as well since Civil Wars helped for gaining slaves), enhanced warrior class but pointed wealth towards port cities (away from locals), but decreased the population major

Question 27

Chatel Slavery

Answer 27

Form of slavery where slaves were treated awfully (treated like cattle, were branded and sold like property)

Question 28

Queen Nzinga

Answer 28

Masterful diplomat and shrewd military planner, converted to Christianity (good at managing Portuguese relations due to this and other), ruled for 37 years after her brother's death, hid slaves and lied to enslavers about their locations

Question 29

Olaudah Equiano

Answer 29

African who was sold into slavery and crossed the Atlantic on an awful slave ship, eventually purchased his freedom (wanted to tell his story so people could learn from it)

Question 30

Different Forms of Slave Resistance

Answer 30

Running away, working slowly, stealing, sabotage, violent revolt (least common)

Question 31

Syncretic Religions

Answer 31

Hybrid religions, combine two or more into one combination (happened in the Americas, Christianity + Indigenous Religions)

Question 32

Peninsulares

Answer 32

People born in Spain/Portugal who lived in the Americas (had lots of societal control)

Question 33

Mestizos

Answer 33

People of mixed Amerindian and European heritage (notably in Mexico)

Question 34

Castas & Castas Paintings

Answer 34

Tell a story about the mixed races (showed how people felt about certain races), were racialized pictures

Question 35

Creoles

Answer 35

People born in the Americas to Spanish parents (had less societal control than peninsulares, resented it)

Question 36

Assess the motivations for European exploration and compare the impact of European exploration in Asia and the Americas

Answer 36

Europeans wanted to get to the Indian Ocean, populations were on the rise (end of Black Death), silver and gold were going up in value, governments were centralizing (and looking to exert power), in both Asia and the Americas the populations increased as well as nutritional value, both were used for trade/imports and for the spread of European ideals

Question 37

Assess how European colonization of the Americas affected the indigenous population and describe their responses

Answer 37

It destroyed the population (90% of Amerindians died), so they were unable to fight the Europeans off, and the natives absolutely hated the Europeans (would rather be in hell than in heaven with the Spanish)

Question 38

Assess how European colonization of the Americas affected African peoples and describe their forms of resistance to it

Answer 38

It destroyed their populations and changed the way society worked, people resisted in ways from stealing to violet revolts (see more specific cards)

Question 39

Analyze the consequences of the Atlantic slave trade across the Atlantic world, including European's involvement in it and its impact on Africa

Answer 39

Europeans just supported and exploited it, 12.5 million slaves were shipped, it shifted the way that Africa was (and there was already slavery there, this made it grow exponentially)

Question 40

Explain the significance of various products for the global economy (sugar, silver, etc...)

Answer 40

The wealth of silver/gold just went back to Europe (made Europeans richer), sugar/salt were good for taste and nutrition (sugar was also quite profitable), slaves served plantations and created more goods for sale (more $), ivory was for the making of goods, corn and other crops helped with nutrition (overall, goods not from certain regions could now get there)

Question 41

Describe how hybrid cultures emerged in the Americas

Answer 41

Missionaries (Christianizing, De-Christianizing), learning to survive on the new land, marriage, combination of the Old and New Worlds

Question 42

Mansa Musa's Hajj

Answer 42

Accompanied by soldiers, wives, and 12,000 slaves, reflected that Islam had spread far, and showed people the wealth of the region