Unit 1 Exam style questions

Question 1

Answer 1

D) Cytosol

Prokaryotic cells lack any membrane bound organelles.

Question 2

Answer 2

B - Increases the rate of reaction.

phosphofructokinase is an enzyme as it ends it -ase.

Question 3

Answer 3

A - Matrix (or Mitochondrial matrix)

Question 4

Answer 4

C - the majority of ATP is produced along the inner membrane (electron transport chain)

Question 5

Answer 5

D - Cells from section M contain chloroplasts (as well as mitochondria), so they are able to produce glucose using water and carbon dioxide as inputs.

Question 6

Answer 6

The arrow is drawn directly across the phospholipid bilayer of the membrane (because it is small and hydrophobic), and it should be pointing towards intracellular environment (high to low).

Question 7

Answer 7

B - oxygen molecules are small and non polar, so they can move across the phospholipid bilayer directly.

Question 8

Variable 1 could be?

Answer 8

Temperature

Question 9

Variable 2 could be?

Answer 9

pH

Question 10

Variable 3 and 4 could be?

Answer 10

Enzyme concentration or susbtrate concentration

Question 11

Answer 11

C

R represents the cytosol/cytoplasm
U represents the matrix
T represents the innner membrane

Question 12

Answer 12

A

Question 13

Answer 13

A - both types of coenzymes are fully loaded.

Question 14

Answer 14

B

Question 15

Answer 15

C - endocytosis

Question 16

monomers mean building blocks. Proteins are made by joining amino acids.

Answer 16

B - ribosomes synthesise proteins.

Question 17

Answer 17

D- a reversible inhibitor means it will only temporarily bind to the enzyme with weak chemical bonding.

Question 18

Answer 18

D - the fatty acid tails of the phospholipids will repel any large, hydrophilic molecules.

Question 19

Answer 19

B - lactic acid is produced during the fermentation pathway in animal cells.

Question 20

Answer 20

B - Oxygen is one of substrates in the reaction, so increasing its concentration may increase the overall rate of reaction.

Question 21

Answer 21

D

Question 22

Answer 22

C

Question 23

Answer 23

D

Question 24

Answer 24

D

Question 25

Answer 25

C

Question 26

Answer 26

Question 27

Answer 27

Question 28

Answer 28

Carbon dioxide and Water

Question 29

Answer 29

| One mark per the dot point.

Question 30

Answer 30

| One mark per the dot point

Question 31

Answer 31

B - light dependent stage takes place in the grana or the thylakoid membrane.

Question 32

Answer 32

D Region 3 represents the cytosol/cytoplasm where glycolysis takes place.

Question 33

Answer 33

C Enzymes can lower the activation energy not the energy stored in the reactant molecules.

Question 34

Answer 34

C Lactic acid is produced by animal cells when there is an undersupply of oxygen. Both test tube 3 and 4 had low oxygen concentration, but the test tube 4 was heated to 75 degrees Celsius which would have completely denatured all the enzymes found in the skin cells. As a result, anaerobic cellular respiration wouldn't take place in the cells found in Test tube 4 at all.

Question 35

Answer 35

B All other options are incorret. a) different enzymes are involved in these two processes. c) concentration of enzymes can influence the rates of these reactions. d) enzymes denature at a high temperature (beyond the optimum temp) rather than at a low temperature.

Question 36

Answer 36

B - Organelle S is the Rough endoplasmic reticulum which is responsible for folding proteins. Organelle R is the ribosome where proteins are produced. Organelle U is the Golgi apparatus where proteins are modified and packaged into secretory vesicles. Organelle T is the mitochondrion where lots of ATP is produced as part of aerobic cellular respiration.

Question 37

Answer 37

D - the drug acts as a competitive inhibitor.

Question 38

Answer 38

B - the location B represents stroma where Calvin cycle (or light independent reaction) takes place. Location D represents grana where light dependent reactions take place in the presence of light,

Question 39

Answer 39

A The Calvin cycle is also referred to as light independent reaction. The Calvin cycle can take place so long as all the inputs (Carbon dioxide, ATP and NADPH) are available. This means that the Calvin cycle can occur both during the day and night.

Question 40

Answer 40

The inputs for the Calvin cycle are ATP, NADPH and Carbon dioxide.

Question 41

Answer 41

C - light dependent reaction takes place in the thylakoid membrane or grana.

Question 42

Answer 42

C - almost all enzymes in living organisms are protein based.

Question 43

Answer 43

B Lactate and lactic acid can be used interchangeably in Unit 1 Biology. More lactate (or lactic acid) is expected to be produced at a lower oxygen level.

Question 44

Answer 44

B Location 2 represents the mitochondrial matrix where the Krebs cycle takes place. Location 1 represents the inner membrane where the electron transport chain reaction takes place. Location 3 represents the cytosol where glycolysis takes place. Location 4 represents the intermembrane space.

Question 45

Answer 45

D

Question 46

Answer 46

C

Question 47

Answer 47

B

Question 48

Answer 48

W

Question 49

Answer 49

Question 50

Answer 50

Question 51

Answer 51

A - channel protein or protein channel

Question 52

Answer 52

B

Question 53

Answer 53

C

Question 54

Answer 54

B - fatty acid or fatty acid tail.

Question 55

Answer 55

B - amylase breaks down starch (the substrate) into maltose (product).

Question 56

Answer 56

B - this is an anabolic reaction, so it requires an energy input overall.

Question 57

Answer 57

C

Question 58

Answer 58

A - exocytosis Proteins are secreted out of the cell via exocytosis.

Question 60

Answer 60

B - spliting of water molecules takes place during light dependent reaction in the grana.

Question 61

Answer 61

D - CO2 is an input for the light independent reaction (aka the Calvin cycle) in the stroma. As a result, more CO2 means the faster the rate of reaction until all enzymes are saturated.

Question 62

Answer 62

D - this is similar to how a stoma closes. A pair of guard cells will become flaccid as water leaves these cells via osmosis.

Question 63

Answer 63

C

Question 66

Answer 66

D

Question 67

Answer 67

A - water is moving out of the guard cells (due to osmosis), so these cells will become flaccid, closing the stoma.

Question 68

Answer 68

A all other options are to do with membrane bound organelles which a prokaryotic cell lacks.

Question 69

Answer 69

D

Question 70

Answer 70

A

Question 71

Answer 71

Osmosis - water is moving from the hypotonic distilled water (= high water concentration) into the cytoplasm of the animal cell (= low water concentration).

Question 72

Answer 72

Plant cells don't burst thanks to its rigid cell wall which can withstand the increase in the pressure within the cell. Plant cells become turgid which is the preferred state for the plant for additional structural support.

Question 73

Answer 73

A - glycolipid is the best answer given the options. It would have been more accurate to say that the molecule X represents the carbohydrate chain of the glycolipid.