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AP Government > Unit 1: Foundations of American Democracy > Flashcards

Unit 1: Foundations of American Democracy Flashcards

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1
Q

Natural rights are […] of all people: […], […], and […]

A

Natural rights are inherent rights of all people: Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Happiness

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2
Q

Popular Sovereignty argues that the source of political power lies in the […] who allow the […] to have power

A

Popular Sovereignty argues that the source of political power lies in the people who allow the government to have power

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3
Q

In a […] laws are written by representatives elected by the people

A

In a Republic laws are written by representatives elected by the people

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4
Q

The […] was an intellectual and philosophical movement in 16/1700 Europe that influenced […]

A

The Enlightenment was an intellectual and philosophical movement in 16/1700 Europe that influenced the founders of the US

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5
Q

In a Social Contract, people give away […] to government to protect […]

A

In a Social Contract, people give away some power to government to protect natural rights

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6
Q

Limited Government prevents […] by creating a system of […]

A

Limited Government prevents tyranny by creating a system of checks and balances

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7
Q

In an […] only a few wealthy people can influence political decisions

A

In an Elite Democracy only a few wealthy people can influence political decisions

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8
Q

In a […] no one group dominates politics as they all try to compete to influence politics

A

In a Pluralist Democracy no one group dominates politics as they all try to compete to influence politics

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9
Q

In a […] citizens can directly influence policies

A

In a Participatory Democracy citizens can directly influence policies

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10
Q

The […] support the ratification of the Constitution, a stronger central government

A

The Federalists support the ratification of the Constitution, a stronger central government

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11
Q

The […] oppose the ratification of the Constitution

A

The Anti-Federalists oppose the ratification of the Constitution

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12
Q

The group with the most members has political power and […]

A

The group with the most members has political power and Majority Rule

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13
Q

The group with less members still have rights and power with […]

A

The group with less members still have rights and power with Minority Rights

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14
Q

[…] form as people with similar interests come together

A

Factions form as people with similar interests come together

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15
Q

In 1787, the […] brings together delegates from each state to draft the Constitution

A

In 1787, the Constitutional Convention brings together delegates from each state to draft the Constitution

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16
Q

The […] is assembled to work out the compromises in the Constitution (Part of the Convention)

A

The Grand Committee is assembled to work out the compromises in the Constitution (Part of the Convention)

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17
Q

The Great Compromise creates a […] separated into the […] and […]

A

The Great Compromise creates a bicameral Legislature separated into the House and Senate

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18
Q

The […] would create a Congress represented by population

Name of Plan

A

The Virginia Plan would create a Congress represented by population

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19
Q

The […] Plan would create a Congress giving each state one vote

Name of Plan

A

The New Jersey Plan would create a Congress giving each state one vote

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20
Q

Bicameral divides the lawmaking body into […]

A

Bicameral divides the lawmaking body into two

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21
Q

Electoral College grants […] to states determined by how many […] they have, electors vote for […]

A

Electoral College grants electors to states determined by how many House and Senate Reps they have, electors vote for President

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22
Q

The […] counts the enslaved population as three-fifths

A

The Three-Fifths Compromise counts the enslaved population as three-fifths

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23
Q

Article V of the Constitution creates two stages for amendments, […] or […] can propose one, a […] Congressional vote is needed and […] of states must confirm it to ratify one

A

Article V of the Constitution creates two stages for amendments, Congress or States can propose one, a 2/3 Congressional vote is needed and 3/4 of states must confirm it to ratify one

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24
Q

[…] can influence representatives (basically anyone)

A

Stakeholders can influence representatives (basically anyone)

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25
Separation of Powers prevents [...] by making sure that no one branch has [...]
Separation of Powers prevents **tyranny** by making sure that no one branch has **absolute power**
26
Congress gives [...]* to the President by approving all appointments
Congress gives **Advice and Consent** to the President by approving all appointments
27
The Executive's role is for [...] that Congress writes
The Executive's role is for **Executing and Enforcing Laws** that Congress writes
28
The President can [...] bills but congress can override with 2/3 vote
The President can **veto** bills but congress can override with 2/3 vote
29
The Courts can get rid of a law if the Constitution prevents that law through [...]
The Courts can get rid of a law if the Constitution prevents that law through **Judicial Review**
30
Federalism is a [...] between national govt and state govts
Federalism is a **sharing of power** between national govt and state govts
31
Exclusive Powers are those delegated to the [...] in the constitution (Federalism)
Exclusive Powers are those delegated to the **Federal Government** in the constitution (Federalism)
32
Reserved Powers are those kept by [...] per the [...] Amendment (Federalism)
Reserved Powers are those kept by **the states** per the **10th** Amendment (Federalism)
33
Concurrent Powers are shared by the [...] and [...] governments
Concurrent Powers are shared by the **federal** and **state** governments
34
[...] is controlling policy with money
**Fiscal Federalism** is controlling policy with money
35
Grants are [...] the Fed gov't gives to [...] or [...]
Grants are **money** the Fed gov't gives to **states or cities**
36
A Categorical Grant is money with a [...]
A Categorical Grant is money with a **specific purpose**
37
A Block Grant is money for a [...]
A Block Grant is money for a **broad purpose**
38
A Mandate is a [...] imposed by the Federal Government on states and cities, usually the Fed gov't gives money
A Mandate is a **rule** imposed by the Federal Government on states and cities, usually the Fed gov't gives money
39
An Unfunded Mandate is a rule without any [...]
An Unfunded Mandate is a rule without any **money given**
40
No Child Left Behind Act took away funding from schools if they did not meet [...], outcry of government overreach, an example of a(n) [...]
No Child Left Behind Act took away funding from schools if they did not meet **certain standards**, outcry of government overreach, an example of a **mandate**
41
The 10th Amendment lays down the basis for [...] AKA the [...]
The 10th Amendment lays down the basis for **reserved powers** AKA the **states' powers**
42
The 14th Amendment applies the [...] to [...], protecting citizens' liberties
The 14th Amendment applies the **Bill of Rights** to **states**, protecting citizens' liberties
43
The Commerce Clause allows Congress to [...] among [...], other [...], and [...]
The Commerce Clause allows Congress to regulate commerce among **states**, other **nations**, and **native tribes**
44
The Necessary and Proper Clause AKA the [...] gives Congress the [...] that are just deemed necessary
The Necessary and Proper Clause AKA the **Elastic Clause** gives Congress the **power to pass laws** that are just deemed necessary
45
The Articles of Confederation are the original [...] of the US ratified in [...]
The Articles of Confederation are the original **founding constitution** of the US ratified in **1781**
46
Some problems with the Articles of Confederation were [...] that could not [...] or raise a [...]
Some problems with the Articles of Confederation were **a weak government** that could not **tax** or raise a **standing army**
47
First 10 amendments are called the [...]
First 10 amendments are called the **Bill of Rights**
48
The system of Checks and Balances limits one [...] from having [...] over another [...]
The system of Checks and Balances limits one **branch** from having **too much power** over another **branch**
49
A Confederation is a system of sovereign [...] only loosely tied to a [...] | Like under the Articles of Confederation
A Confederation is a system of sovereign **states** only loosely tied to a **central government** | Like under the Articles of Confederation
50
In a [...] the people directly rule themselves | As opposed to a Republic
In a **Direct Democracy** the people directly rule themselves | As opposed to a Republic
51
[...] are specific powers granted to Congress in Article I Sec. 8 of the Constitution like the power to [...] | AKA [...]
**Enumerated Powers** are specific powers granted to Congress in Article 1 Sec. 8 of the Constitution like the power to **tax** | AKA **Expressed Powers**
52
Dual Federalism, national and state governments are [...]
Dual Federalism, national and state governments are **coequal**
53
Cooperative Federalism, national and state governments [...]
Cooperative Federalism, national and state governments **cooperate to solve problems**
54
New Federalism, national government [...] to the states
New Federalism, national government **restores power back** to the states
55
Federalist Papers are [...] arguing for the [...] | Written by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay
Federalist Papers are **85 essays** arguing for the **Constitution** | Written by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay
56
Formal Amendment is a change in the [...] of the Constitution | Was Proposed AND Ratified
Formal Amendment is a change in the **actual wording** of the Constitution | Was Proposed AND Ratified
57
Full Faith and Credit Clause in Article IV Sec. 1 says states must [...] from other states | Decisions like laws, records, and court cases
Full Faith and Credit Clause in Article IV Sec. 1 says states must **recognize decisions** from other states | Decisions like laws, records, and court cases
58
Implied Powers are from the "necessary and proper" clause, powers [...] but probably will be [...]
Implied Powers are from the "necessary and proper" clause, powers **not written** but probably will be **needed**
59
Indirect Democracy is when [...] make laws AKA [...] or [...]
Indirect Democracy is when **elected reps** make laws AKA **Representative Democracy** or **Republic**
60
Inherent Powers are the [...] powers held by virtue of being a [...]
Inherent Powers are the **foreign policy** powers held by virtue of being a **national government**
61
Informal Amendments are changes in [...] but not [...] of the Constitution | Like Brown v. Board
Informal Amendments are changes in **the meaning** but not **the wording** of the Constitution | Like Brown v. Board
62
Line-Item Veto, when Presidents [...] of a bill | No longer allowed
Line-Item Veto, when Presidents **cancel specific parts** of a bill | No longer allowed
63
Pardons and Reprieves is to [...] a punishment
Pardons and Reprieves is to **forgive or excuse** a punishment
64
Police Powers are for the states to protect [...], [...], and [...]
Police Powers are for the states to protect **public health**, **safety**, and **welfare**
65
Privileges and Immunities Clause prevents a state from [...] against citizens of [...]
Privileges and Immunities Clause prevents a state from **discriminating** against citizens of **other states**
66
Revenue Sharing [...] federal tax revenues to [...] and [...]
Revenue Sharing **distributes** federal tax revenues to **states** and **cities**
67
A Simple Majority is just one more than [...]
A Simple Majority is just one more than **one half**
68
A Supermajority is greater than a [...], usually [...]
A Supermajority is greater than a **simple majority**, usually **2/3 in Congress**
69
A Unicameral Legislature places the law making body in [...] | As opposed to two groups
A Unicameral Legislature places the law making body in **one group** | As opposed to two groups
70
John Locke writes more about [...]
John Locke writes more about **Natural Rights**
71
Thomas Hobbes writes more about the [...]
Thomas Hobbes writes more about the **Social Contract** | Without government there is anarchy
72
Federalist 10: Factions are [...], a Large Republic has many Factions preventing [...]
Federalist 10: Factions are **inevitable**, a Large Republic has many Factions preventing **one from total control**
73
Brutus 1: Fed government has [...], too large a Republic [...]
Brutus 1: Fed government has **too much power**, too large a Republic **won't represent any interests**
74
Marbury v. Madison establishes the principle of [...]
Marbury v. Madison establishes the principle of **Judicial Review**
75
Judicial Review is a power held by the [...] in which they can get rid of laws they deem [...]
Judicial Review is a power held by the **Supreme Court** in which they can get rid of laws they deem **unconstitutional**

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