Unit 2: Interactions Among the Branches Flashcards
1
Q
The Senate has the power of […], they review and approve treaties and appointments
A
The Senate has the power of Advice and Consent, they review and approve treaties and appointments
2
Q
A […] legislature is divided into 2
A
A bicameral legislature is divided into 2
3
Q
Like-minded people come together in […] to draft policy as a party or around a single issue, these are […] groups
A
Like-minded people come together in caucases to draft policy as a party or around a single issue, these are informal groups
4
Q
[…] form when congress people have strong working relationships with each other, these are […] groups
A
Coalitions form when congress people have strong working relationships with each other, these are informal groups
5
Q
Article I, Section 8 of Constitution outlines the […] or the specific powers granted to congress
A
Article I, Section 8 of Constitution outlines the enumerated powers or the specific powers granted to congress
6
Q
At the end of the Enumerated Powers are the […] - Necessary and Proper Clause
A
At the end of the Enumerated Powers are the Implied Powers - Necessary and Proper Clause
7
Q
The […] is the body of the Legislative Branch that is proportional to population
A
The House of Representatives is the body of the Legislative Branch that is proportional to population
8
Q
[…], aka the […], grants Congress non-listed powers that are necessary to run a country
A
Necessary and Proper Clause, aka the Elastic Clause, grants Congress non-listed powers that are necessary to run a country
9
Q
The […] grants Congress the power to tax and spend
A
The Power of the Purse grants Congress the power to tax and spend
10
Q
The […] is the body of the Legislative Branch with 2 reps per state
A
The Senate is the body of the Legislative Branch with 2 reps per state
11
Q
Before the […], Senators were elected by […] but after were elected by […]
A
Before the 17th Amendment, Senators were elected by state legislators but after were elected by the people
12
Q
The […] limits the power of the President to go to war without consent of Congress
A
The War Powers Act (1973) limits the power of the President to go to war without consent of Congress
13
Q
During Filibuster, the […] can end debate with a […] Supermajority vote
A
During Filibuster, the Cloture Rule can end debate with a 3/5th Supermajority vote
14
Q
All House members are a part of the […] where there are […] and […]
A
All House members are a part of the Committee of the Whole where there are less rules and more debate
15
Q
The yearly between spending and revenue is the […], this gets added to the overall […]
A
The yearly between spending and revenue is the deficit, this gets added to the overall debt
16
Q
To vote on a bill that is stuck in committee, […] in the House of Reps must sign a […]
A
To vote on a bill that is stuck in committee, simple majority in the House of Reps must sign a discharge petition
17
Q
[…] is the fuding that Congress debates how to spend each year
A
Discretionary spending is the fuding that Congress debates how to spend each year
18
Q
Senators can […] or debate for an […] amount of time in order to […] a bill
A
Senators can Filibuster or debate for an unlimtied amount of time in order to block a bill
19
Q
Due to […], House members may only offer […] amendments directly related to the bill
A
Due to limited speaking time, House members may only offer Germane amendments directly related to the bill
20
Q
Senators can try to block a bill by putting it on […], or stalling the discussion to a later time
A
Senators can try to block a bill by putting it on Hold, or stalling the discussion to a later time
21
Q
Members of both houses will join a […] to address a long-term issue or program
A
Members of both houses will join a Joint Committee to address a long-term issue or program
22
Q
Members of Congress do […] to convince others to support their bill by giving another bill their support
A
Members of Congress do Logrolling to convince others to support their bill by giving another bill their support
23
Q
[…]is the money the government MUST spend on programs like […]
A
Mandatory spending is the money the government MUST spend on programs like social security, medicare, and medicaid
24
Q
An […] includes multiple areas of law to address multiple programs
A
An Omnibus Bill includes multiple areas of law to address multiple programs
25
Congresspeople will do Pork-Barrel Spending to [...] some [...] for their home district
Congresspeople will do Pork-Barrel Spending to **reserve** some **funding** for their home district
26
The Vice President is also the [...] but only votes as a [...]
The Vice President is also the **President of the Senate** but only votes as a **tie breaker**
27
Senate's most senior member of the majority party is the [...] Tempore but is mostly has [...] duties
Senate's most senior member of the majority party is the **President Pro** Tempore but is mostly has **ceremonial** duties
28
Riders are additional amendments [...] to the initial bill that can be added to make it more likely to pass
Riders are additional amendments **not related** to the initial bill that can be added to make it more likely to pass
29
The House [...] acts as the traffic cop for bills, determining where they go and when
The House **Rules Committee** acts as the traffic cop for bills, determining where they go and when
30
Temporary [...] are formed when a bill passes in both houses with slight differences to decide on a [...]
Temporary **Conference Committees** are formed when a bill passes in both houses with slight differences to decide on a **compromise**
31
Temporary [...] are formed to conduct a [...]
Temporary **Select Committees** are formed to conduct a **special investigation**
32
The leader of the majority party of the Senate becomes the [...] to hold the most power
The leader of the majority party of the Senate becomes the **Senate Majority Leader** to hold the most power
33
The leader of the dominant party becomes the [...] to hold the most power in the [...]
The leader of the majority party of the House becomes the **Speaker of the House** to hold the most power
34
A bill's [...] will bring the bill to Congress and become the author
A bill's **Sponsor** will bring the bill to Congress and become the author
35
When all senators agree this is [...], this is occassionaly required for certain actions to make [...] run slower
When all senators agree this is **Unanimous Consent**, this is occassionaly required for certain actions to make **Senate** run slower
36
The most powerful committee of the House is the [...] and determines [...]
The most powerful committee of the House is the **Ways and Means Committee** and determines **tax policies**
37
The Whip is in charge of [...] and keeps track of the [...] in their party
The Whip is in charge of **party discipline** and keeps track of the **potential votes** in their party
38
Baker v Carr (1962) establishes the principle of [...]
Baker v Carr (1962) establishes the principle of **one person-one vote**
39
Representatives that try to follow the will of their constituents follow the [...]
Representatives that try to follow the will of their constituents follow the **Delegate Model**
40
Drawing district lines to beneift one party is [...]
Drawing district lines to beneift one party is **gerrymandering**
41
At times, strong partisan divisions cause [...], preventing bills from moving through Congress
At times, strong partisan divisions cause **gridlock**, preventing bills from moving through Congress
42
A [...] is at the end of their term when they are about to be replaced so they cannot get much done
A **"Lame Duck" President** is at the end of their term when they are about to be replaced so they cannot get much done
43
Districts should be drawn in a way that gives **[...]**
Districts should be drawn in a way that gives **"One Person-One Vote"**
44
Representatives that try to follow their own will while occassionaly responding to the will of the people follows the [...]
Representatives that try to follow their own will while occassionaly responding to the will of the people follows the **Politico Model**
45
Drawing district lines based on race is [...]
Drawing district lines based on race is **Racial Gerrymandering**
46
Race cannot be the [...] factor in determining districts in [...]
Race cannot be the **only** factor in determining districts in **Shaw v Reno (1993)**
47
Districts with close elections each year are [...] and it is difficult to [...] how they will vote
Districts with close elections each year are **Swing Districts** and it is difficult to **predict** how they will vote
48
Representatives that try to follow their own judgement and will follow the [...]
Representatives that try to follow their own judgement and will follow the **Trustee Model**
49
Presidents can [...] congressmembers to support their ideas or a bill
Presidents can **Bargain and Persuade** congressmembers to support their ideas or a bill
50
As Commander in Chief, the president is the [...]
As Commander in Chief, the president is the **head of the US military**
51
The Constitution specifically describes the [...] Powers of the President
The Constitution specifically describes the **Formal** Powers of the President
52
The President has additional [...] that are not listed in the Constitution
The President has additional **Informal Powers** that are not listed in the Constitution
53
The President may have an [...] with the head of state of another nation but it is not binding as law
The President may have an **Executive Agreement** with the head of state of another nation but it is not binding as law
54
The President can direct the Executive Branch how to implement a law through an [...]
The President can direct the Executive Branch how to implement a law through an **Executive Order**
55
[...] allows the President to keep some information private
**Executive Privilege** allows the President to keep some information private
56
If the President doesn't agree with a Bill that was passed, they can [...] it
If the President doesn't agree with a Bill that was passed, they can **Veto** it
57
In the 90s, the President had the power to cross out specific lines of a bill, called [...], until it was ruled unconstitutional
In the 90s, the President had the power to cross out specific lines of a bill, called **Line Item Veto**, until it was ruled unconstitutional
58
Bills not signed by the president in [...] automatically pass
Bills not signed by the president in **10 days** automatically pass
59
If Congress goes on break before the president signs a bill and it is within the 10-day period, that bill is [...]
If Congress goes on break before the president signs a bill and it is within the 10-day period, that bill is **Pocket Vetoed**
60
Presidents have a [...] of policies they hope to [...] while in office
Presidents have a **Policy Agenda** of policies they hope to **implement or pass** while in office
61
Presidents may write a [...] to explain what they think a bill they are signing means
Presidents may write a **Signing Statement** to explain what they think a bill they are signing means
62
[...] represent the US to other countries and they are nominated by the [...] then approved and appointed by the [...]
**Ambassadors** represent the US to other countries and they are nominated by the **Presisdent** then approved and appointed by the **Senate**
63
The presidential [...] is made up of the Department Heads and works with the President to [...] the law
The presidential **Cabinet** is made up of the Department Heads and works with the President to **execute** the law
64
[...] works in the White House to make sure everything runs smoothly
**Chief of Staff** works in the White House to make sure everything runs smoothly
65
President has some [...] not in the Constitution but are just needed to execute good government
President has some **Inherent Powers** not in the Constitution but are just needed to execute good government
66
The top military leaders in the nation make up the [...] to advise the president
The top military leaders in the nation make up the **Joint Chiefs of Staff **to advise the president
67
[...] have assumed more power than is outlined in the Constitution
**Imperial Presidents** have assumed more power than is outlined in the Constitution
68
[...] used his popularity to assume more power
[...] used a national crisis to assume more power
[...] used international politics to assume more power
[...] used a national turning point to assume more power
| Assuming Power does is not necessarily have a negative thing
**Andrew Jackson** used his popularity to assume more power
**Abraham Lincoln** used a national crisis to assume more power
**Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson** used international politics to assume more power
**Franklin D. Roosevelt** used a national turning point to assume more power
69
[...] Amendment limits the presidency to 2 terms
**22nd** Amendment limits the presidency to 2 terms
70
Early on, Presidents followed [...] to limit their own powers of the office
Early on, Presidents followed **Washington's Example** to limit their own powers of the office
71
Presidents may use a [...] to push Congress to vote a certain way by communicating directly to the people
Presidents may use a **Bully Pulpit** to push Congress to vote a certain way by communicating directly to the people
72
Presidents deliver a yearly [...] to Congress to update them on the progress and goals for the nation
Presidents deliver a yearly **State of the Union** to Congress to update them on the progress and goals for the nation
73
[...] is the Jurisdiction a court has to hear an Appeal
**Appellate Jurisdiction** is the Jurisdiction a court has to hear an Appeal
74
[...] is where a case can be heard or tried
**Jurisdication** is where a case can be heard or tried
75
The [...] is the head of all [...] in the Federal Courts, they will work with other federal agencies and advise Attorneys
The **Attorney General** is the head of all **attorneys** in the Federal Courts, they will work with other federal agencies and advise Attorneys
76
When someone loses a decision in a lower court they can submit a [...] to a higher court asking them to review the case
When someone loses a decision in a lower court they can submit a **Petition of Certiorari** to a higher court asking them to review the case
77
Supreme Court reviews the constitutionality of laws and policy through [...]
Supreme Court reviews the constitutionality of laws and policy through **Judicial Review**
78
[...] refers to the authority of a court to hear a case for the first time
**Original jurisdiction** refers to the authority of a court to hear a case for the first time
79
The second level and the more regional courts are the [...]
The second level and the more regional courts are the **Circuit Court of Appeals**
79
The first level and most local federal court is the [...]
The first level and most local federal court is the **US District Courts**
80
The highest level and national court is the [...]
The highest level and national court is the **Supreme Court**
81
Higher courts rulings set [...] that lower courts must follow
Higher courts rulings set **Binding Precedent** that lower courts must follow
82
When courts make a decision, they set [...] for how cases might be ruled on in the future
When courts make a decision, they set **precedent** for how cases might be ruled on in the future
83
Lower courts can set [...] for how other courts at the same level *might* rule on an issue
Lower courts can set **Persuasive Precedent** for how other courts at the same level *might* rule on an issue
84
The current Chief Justice of the SCOTUS who has served since 2005 is [...]
The current Chief Justice of the SCOTUS who has served since 2005 is **John Roberts**
85
Higher courts may not change anything and *let the decision stand* from the lower courts, [...]
Higher courts may not change anything and *let the decision stand* from the lower courts, **stare decisis**
86
Justices will write a [...] to explain how they voted and why
Justices will write a **Majority Opinion** to explain how they voted and why
87
Justices who vote against the Majority will write a [...] to explain why they disagree
Justices who vote against the Majority will write a **Dissenting Opinion** to explain why they disagree
87
Justices who voted for the majority but disagree with the majority's reasoning, they will write a [...]
Justices who voted for the majority but disagree with the majority's reasoning, they will write a **concurring opinion**
88
When a higher court agrees to hear a case from a lower court, they grant a [...]
When a higher court agrees to hear a case from a lower court, they grant a **Writ of Certiorari**
89
Judges who are willing to interpret the Constitution as it applies to a modern context are [...]
Judges who are willing to interpret the Constitution as it applies to a modern context are **Liberal Constructionists**
90
Judges who closely follow the Constitution's as it was written in the past are [...]
Judges who closely follow the Constitution's as it was written in the past are **Strict Constructionists**
91
[...] - four justices must agree to take up a case
**Rule of Four** - four justices must agree to take up a case
92
[...] was a judge who did not get a position because of extreme views, he got [...]!
**Robert Bork** was a judge who did not get a position because of extreme views, he got **Borked**!
93
Obama nominated [...] but the Senate refused to hear any nominees for 10 months, this was unprecedented
Obama nominated **Merrick Garland** but the Senate refused to hear any nominees for 10 months, this was unprecedented
94
Judges who overturn laws do [...]
Judges who overturn laws do **Judicial Activism**
95
Judges who try not to use their powers do [...]
Judges who try not to use their powers do **Judicial Restraint**
96
Getting rid of the Filibuster is the [...]
Getting rid of the Filibuster is the **Nuclear Option**
97
Presidents can ask Senators who should be appointed to the lower courts, [...]
Presidents can ask Senators who should be appointed to the lower courts, **Senatorial Courtesy**
98
Congress can define [...], or the types of cases the courts can hear
Congress can define **Standing**, or the types of cases the courts can hear
99
[...] faced controversy in his appointment when Anita Hill came forward about sexual harassment in a highly televised hearing
**Clarence Thomas** faced controversy in his appointment when Anita Hill came forward about sexual harassment in a highly televised hearing
100
The [...] is a system of government administration where non-elected officials, organized in a hierarchical structure, implement the laws and policies created by the legislative branch
The **Bureaucracy** is a system of government administration where non-elected officials, organized in a hierarchical structure, implement the laws and policies created by the legislative branch
101
The Pendleton Service Act created the […] which replaced the patronage system with a […] system
The Pendleton Service Act created the **Civil Service Commission** which replaced the patronage system with a **merit** system
102
The Civil Service Reform Act (1978) replaces the Civil Service Commission with the [...] and tried to better the [...] system
The Civil Service Reform Act (1978) replaces the Civil Service Commission with the **Office of Personnel Management** and tried to better the **merit** system
103
Bureaucracy checks private businesses through [...] to ensure they are following [...]
Bureaucracy checks private businesses through **Compliance Monitoring** to ensure they are following **standards/rules**
104
The Iron Triangle is a network of the [...], [...], and [...] that work together to write and shape policy
The Iron Triangle is a network of the **Bureaucracy**, **Congress**, and **Interest Groups** that work together to write and shape policy
105
[...] are a broad network of people and groups working to address one issue
**Issue Networks** are a broad network of people and groups working to address one issue
106
Appointing friends and supporters is a [...] while appointing people who are experienced and qualified is a [...]
Appointing friends and supporters is a **Patronage System** while appointing people who are experienced and qualified is a **Merit System**
107
The Clinton-Era National Performance Review investigated the [...] and cut out [...] to make it function more smoothly
The Clinton-Era National Performance Review investigated the **Bureaucracy** and cut out **rules and standards** to make it function more smoothly
108
Administrative Procedures Act (1946) makes rule making more [...] and requires bureaucracy to involve [...]
Administrative Procedures Act (1946) makes rule making more **transparent** and requires bureaucracy to involve **the public**
109
Code of Federal Regulations is the large [...] created by the Bureaucracy
Code of Federal Regulations is the large **list of rules and regulations** created by the Bureaucracy
110
Congress writes [...] laws and allows the Bureaucracy to [...] them, to give Delegated Discretionary Authority
Congress writes **open-ended** laws and allows the Bureaucracy to **interpret** them, to give Delegated Discretionary Authority
111
Department of Education manages [...]
Department of Education manages **Education programs**
112
Department of Homeland Security focuses on [...], [...], and [...]
| Think TSA, FEMA, Coast Guard
Department of Homeland Security focuses on **anti-terrorism, border security,** and **emergency response**
| Think TSA, FEMA, Coast Guard
113
Department of Transportation creates standards for [........]
Department of Transportation creates standards for **public transit, , railroads, highways, driving, flying, boating, etc.**
114
Environmental Protection Agency protects [...], [...], and [...] from pollution and contamination
Environmental Protection Agency protects **air**, **water**, and **land** from pollution and contamination
115
Federal Election Commission protects the security and integrity of [...]
Federal Election Commission protects the security and integrity of **elections**
116
Department of Veterans Affairs provides [...], [...], and [...] to veterans
Department of Veterans Affairs provides **beneifts**, **healthcare**, and **cemetery services** to veterans
117
Securities and Exchange Commission regulates the [...] and protects [...]
Securities and Exchange Commission **regulates** the market and protects **investors**
118
Independent Regulatory Agencies are [...] by Congress with less [...] by the President
Independent Regulatory Agencies are **created** by Congress with less **control** by the President
119
Agencies release a [...] so that the public can come and share comments
Agencies release a **Notice-and-comment opportunity** so that the public can come and share comments
120
Congress grants [...] of funding to agencies and programs for specific purposes
Congress grants **Appropriations** of funding to agencies and programs for specific purposes
121
Congress creates [...] each year, outlining how much money each Agency can spend
Congress creates **Authorization of Spending** each year, outlining how much money each Agency can spend
122
[...] refers to Congress' authority to conduct hearings, investigations, and budget reviews of the Bureaucracy
**Congressional Oversight** refers to Congress' authority to conduct hearings, investigations, and budget reviews of the Bureaucracy
123
New rules and regulations are published daily in the [...]
New rules and regulations are published daily in the **Federal Register**
124
Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) observes other agencies to make sure rules don't conflict with [...] or [...]
Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) observes other agencies to make sure rules don't conflict with **each other** or **the President's goals**
125
Whistleblower Protection Act (1989) gives some protections to [...] who come forward to release information about [...] or [...]
Whistleblower Protection Act (1989) gives some protections to **government workers** who come forward to release information about **corruption** or **rule breaking**
