Unit 4: American Political Ideologies and Beliefs

Question 1

[…] value tradition, strict rules and authority, and small government

Answer 1

Conservatives value tradition, strict rules and authority, and small government

Question 2

[…] value new ideas, leniency and support, and big government

Answer 2

Liberals value new ideas, leniency and support, and big government

Question 3

People need supports to be equal vs. treating people the same to be equal - […]

Part of Political Culture

But always, “all men are created equal”

Answer 3

People need supports to be equal vs. treating people the same to be equal - Equality of Opportunity

Part of Political Culture

But always, “all men are created equal”

Question 4

In the US we have a capitalist economy, debates over how to regulate that economy discusses […]

Part of Political Culture

Answer 4

In the US we have a capitalist economy, debates over how to regulate that economy discusses Free Enterprise

Part of Political Culture

Question 5

Argues for their own rights OR their ability to do things without government support - […]

Part of Political Culture

Answer 5

Argues for their own rights OR their ability to do things without government support - Individualism

Part of Political Culture

Question 6

An economy with little to no regulate is a free market, or, […]

Part of Political Culture

Answer 6

An economy with little to no regulate is a free market, or, Laissez-Faire

Part of Political Culture

Question 7

The Government should not infringe on our rights but sometimes we need laws to protect peoples, institutions, or ideas - […]

Part of Political Culture

Answer 7

The Government should not infringe on our rights but sometimes we need laws to protect peoples, institutions, or ideas - Limited Government

Part of Political Culture

Question 8

Shared values in a country that shape politics and debate is the […]

Answer 8

Shared values in a country that shape politics and debate is the Political Culture

Question 9

People must follow the rules, but what do these rules look like and how strict should they be? - […]

Answer 9

People must follow the rules, but what do these rules look like and how strict should they be? - Rule of Law

Question 10

As a result of […] political views around the world affect our views just like our views affect others around the world

Answer 10

As a result of Globalization political views around the world affect our views just like our views affect others around the world

Question 11

People or institutions that influence your […] will shape how you view political ideas

Answer 11

People or institutions that influence your political socialization will shape how you view political ideas

Question 12

Answer 12

Question 13

Generations tend to share many views, largely due to experiences around 14-24 - […]

Answer 13

Generations tend to share many views, largely due to experiences around 14-24 - Generational Effects

Question 14

People’s views change as they age and exprience new events or go through different stages of life - […]

Answer 14

People’s views change as they age and exprience new events or go through different stages of life - Lifecycle Effects

Question 15

Massive economic failure leads to people wanting government support - […]

Major Political Event

Answer 15

Massive economic failure leads to people wanting government support - Great Depression (1929–1933)

Major Political Event

Question 16

This war makes young people disatisfied with war while older people see it as a fight on terrorism - […]

Major Political Event

Answer 16

This war makes young people disatisfied with war while older people see it as a fight on terrorism - Iraq invasion (2003)

Major Political Event

Question 17

People come together to address Depression, forms […], becomes pro-big government

Major Political Event

Answer 17

People come together to address Depression, forms New Deal Coalition, becomes pro-big government

Major Political Event

Question 18

Economic decline during […] leads to desire for government interventions

Major Political Event

Answer 18

Economic decline during Great Recession (2007–2012) leads to desire for government interventions

Major Political Event

Question 20

Is our president doing a good job? Measures the popularity of a siting politician - […]

Answer 20

Is our president doing a good job? Measures the popularity of a siting politician - Approval Rating

Question 21

A politician will try a […] before entering a race to see how they might do

Answer 21

A politician will try a Bencmark Poll before entering a race to see how they might do

Question 22

[…] are done outside a voting center to try to predict who won day of

Answer 22

Entrance polls/Exit polls are done outside a voting center to try to predict who won day of

Question 23

Not a poll, but a small group of people interviewed to get more detailed information - […]

Answer 23

Not a poll, but a small group of people interviewed to get more detailed information - focus group

Question 24

To measure how people feel about people/issues, we can administer […]

Answer 24

To measure how people feel about people/issues, we can administer Public Opinion Polls

Question 25

A super biased poll to actually give someone positive/negative views - [...]

Answer 25

A super biased poll to actually give someone positive/negative views - **Push Polling**

Question 26

[...] uses a computer to randomly call people

Answer 26

**Random-digit dialing** uses a computer to randomly call people

Question 27

To have an accurate poll, you need to try to select a [...]

Answer 27

To have an accurate poll, you need to try to select a **random sample**

Question 28

The group that is polled is a [...], represents the whole group which is a [...]

Answer 28

The group that is polled is a **representative sample**, represents the whole group which is a **universe**

Question 29

*45% +/-2%* All polls have a [...] since there is going to be some error, also called [...]

Answer 29

*45% +/-2%* All polls have a **sampling error** since there is going to be some error, also called **margin of error**

Question 30

To have an accurate poll, you need correct *sampling techniques* such as [...] questions, asking [...], and picking a [...] population

Answer 30

To have an accurate poll, you need correct *sampling techniques* such as **non-biased** questions, asking **enough people (1,500+)**, and picking a **representative but random** population

Question 31

[...] ask voters how they feel about issues, candidates may respond

Answer 31

**Tracking polls** ask voters how they feel about issues, candidates may respond

Question 32

[...] will remove responses to make the sample more representative of the population (by race, gender, etc.)

Answer 32

**Weighting (aka stratification)** will remove responses to make the sample more representative of the population (by race, gender, etc.)

Question 33

Candidates leading in the polls may recieve more support from other through the [...]

Answer 33

Candidates leading in the polls may recieve more support from other through the **Bandwagon Effect**

Question 34

Some polls have a [...], meaning people do not want to or are not able to complete a poll

Answer 34

Some polls have a **non-response bias**, meaning people do not want to or are not able to complete a poll

Question 35

Named after Tom [...], the [...] suggests that people will show more support for a Black candidate in a poll than in actual voting

Answer 35

Named after Tom **Bradley**, the **Bradley Effect** suggests that people will show more support for a Black candidate in a poll than in actual voting ## Footnote It is assumed that people don't want to *seem* racist by saying they will vote for a non-black candidate

Question 36

People may lie to a poll taker to seem like a better person to the poll taker - [...]

Answer 36

People may lie to a poll taker to seem like a better person to the poll taker - **Social Desireability Effect** ## Footnote For example, someone who doesn't plan on voting may tell a poll taker that they are going to vote

Question 37

[...] is a set of ideas that groups of people follow to or stick to based on certain values

Answer 37

**Ideology** is a set of ideas that groups of people follow to or stick to based on certain values | The most important spectrum in the US is Liberal vs. Conservative

Question 38

Another ideology that opposes any government intervention, rules, or laws is [...]

Answer 38

Another ideology that opposes any government intervention, rules, or laws is **Libertarian**

Question 39

People who don't feel strongly about political issues or maybe have some liberal views and some conservative views are [...]

Answer 39

People who don't feel strongly about political issues or maybe have some liberal views and some conservative views are **Moderates**

Question 40

Another ideology that is rooted patriotism, Protestant Christianity, working-class values in the South and Midwest is [...]

Answer 40

Another ideology that is rooted patriotism, Protestant Christianity, working-class values, and in the South and Midwest is **Populism**

Question 41

Another ideology that started as anit-corruption has evolved to gather more extremely pro-working class policies is [...]

Answer 41

Another ideology that started as anit-corruption has evolved to gather more extremely pro-working class policies is **Progressivism**

Question 42

An issue that people hold to be very important holds a high [...], this might be due to generational values or ideological values

Answer 42

An issue that people hold to be very important holds a high **saliency**, this might be due to generational values or ideological values

Question 43

Issues that all people generally feel the same about are [...]

Answer 43

Issues that all people generally feel the same about are **Valence Issues** | For example: a good economy

Question 44

Issues that people become divded over are [...]

Answer 44

Issues that people become divded over are Wedge Issues | For example: abortion, border policies, military policies

Question 45

A political [...] is the list of policies and ideas the government or a set of politicians work to achieve

Answer 45

A political **agenda** is the list of policies and ideas the government or a set of politicians work to achieve

Question 46

The US generally has [...] making meaning that policies should reflect the will of the majority

Answer 46

The US generally has **Majoritarian Policy** making meaning that policies should reflect the will of the majority

Question 47

The Fed determines the interest rate of [...], IOUs the government sells to people/banks at a higher rate than what was initially borrowed (a type of investment) | The Fed = Federal Reserve Board

Answer 47

The Fed determines the interest rate of **Bonds**, IOUs the government sells to people/banks at a higher rate than what was initially borrowed (a type of investment) | The Fed = Federal Reserve Board

Question 48

The Fed will set the [...], or the interest rate at which the gov will loan dollars to banks low rates = banks borrow more = lower interest rates for citizens vs. high rates = banks borrow less = higher interest rates for citizens | The Fed = Federal Reserve Board

Answer 48

The Fed will set the **Discount Rate**, or the interest rate at which the gov will loan dollars to banks low rates = banks borrow more = lower interest rates for citizens vs. high rates = banks borrow less = higher interest rates for citizens | The Fed = Federal Reserve Board

Question 49

[...] is an independent agency that sets monetary policy by buying/selling securities or bonds, regulating money reserves at banks, and setting interest rates

Answer 49

**Federal Reserve Board (AKA "The Fed")** is an independent agency that sets monetary policy by buying/selling securities or bonds, regulating money reserves at banks, and setting interest rates

Question 50

[...] is part of economic policy that concerns taxing and spending

Answer 50

**Fiscal policy** is part of economic policy that concerns taxing and spending | As opposed to Monetary Policy

Question 51

A [...] is a tax that is the same no matter one's income

Answer 51

A **flat tax** is a tax that is the same no matter one's income ## Footnote Valued by some conservatives

Question 52

If there are too many dollars in a country, the prices of other goods will go up - [...]

Answer 52

If there are too many dollars in a country, the prices of other goods will go up - **Inflation**

Question 53

[...] is the agency that oversees tax collection

Answer 53

**Internal Revenue Service (IRS)** is the agency that oversees tax collection

Question 54

[...] is part of economic policy concerning supply/demand of the dollar, inflation, and interest rates

Answer 54

**Monetary policy** is part of economic policy concerning supply/demand of the dollar, inflation, and interest rates | As opposed to Fiscal Policy

Question 55

Spending results in a [...] on the economy, the economy grows at a greater rate than people actually spend

Answer 55

Spending results in a **multiplier effect** on the economy, the economy grows at a greater rate than people actually spend

Question 56

[...] is a famous free trade agreemtn that opened up more trade between Mexico and Canada, today it is replaced with [...]

Answer 56

**North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)** **(1994) **is a famous free trade agreemtn that opened up more trade between Mexico and Canada, today it is replaced with **USMCA (2020)**

Question 57

A [...] is a tax that increases as the income increases

Answer 57

A **progressive tax** is a tax that increases as the income increases

Question 58

The Fed determines the [...], or the percentage of dollars the bank must keep in their vaults compared to how much money a person has held in a bank | The Fed = Federal Reserve Board

Answer 58

The Fed determines the **Reserve Requirement**, or the percentage of dollars the bank must keep in their vaults compared to how much money a person has held in a bank | The Fed = Federal Reserve Board ## Footnote Banks will invest the money that you hold in their bank so that they can make money off of your money

Question 59

Sixteenth Amendment (1913) gives Congress the power to tax a person's income

Answer 59

Sixteenth Amendment (1913) gives Congress the power to tax a person's income ## Footnote Prior to this, they would tax imports through tarrifs and the courts had ruled income tax unconstitutional

Question 60

[...] - idea that government should allow people to keep their money by limiting taxes and not involving themselves in the economy

Answer 60

**Supply-side economics** - idea that government should allow people to keep their money by limiting taxes and not involving themselves in the economy

Question 61

[...] is how much imports vs. exports a nation has, generally a country tries to export MORE than it imports

Answer 61

**Trade Balance** is how much imports vs. exports a nation has, generally a country tries to export MORE than it imports

Question 62

[...] are spending that the government has promised by law to citizens

Answer 62

**Entitlements** are spending that the government has promised by law to citizens

Question 63

[...] is what the government MUST spend on, this is largely on entitlements

Answer 63

**Mandatory Spending** is what the government MUST spend on, this is largely on entitlements

Question 64

[...] is a government health care program for those who can't afford health care

Answer 64

**Medicaid** is a government health care program for those who can't afford health care

Question 65

[...] is a government health care program for those who are 65+

Answer 65

**Medicare** is a government health care program for those who are 65+

Question 66

[...] created federal regulations for health insurance in an attempt to make it more accessible

Answer 66

**Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010)** created federal regulations for health insurance in an attempt to make it more accessible ## Footnote (AKA the ACA or called Obamacare by the media)

Question 67

[...] passed during Depression to support poor elderly and retired people during

Answer 67

**Social Security Act (1935) **passed during Depression to support poor elderly and retired people during

Question 68

[...], support for people to meet their basic needs, very large during Liberal New Deal era but made smaller by Conservatives over time

Answer 68

**Social Welfare**, support for people to meet their basic needs, very large during Liberal New Deal era but made smaller by Conservatives over time

Question 69

[...] - idea that government needs to *encourage people to spend their money* by regulating interest rates, creating government programs that support people in spending, and help businesses to create jobs

Answer 69

**Keynesian economics** - idea that government needs to *encourage people to spend their money* by regulating interest rates, creating government programs that support people in spending, and help businesses to create jobs

Question 70

Employees and Employers pay into a trust fund that later pays out to them when they are retired - [...]

Answer 70

Employees and Employers pay into a trust fund that later pays out to them when they are retired - **Social Security**