Unit 1: Individual and Collective Rights Flashcards
- required the First Nations people to obtain government permission to wear traditional clothing
- banned traditional ceremonies such as the Sun Dance of the Siksika
- prevented First Nations from taking any political action
- took away rights from First Nations people
- passed without consultation of Canada’s First Nations
The Indian Act of 1867
When did women get the right to vote in Canada?
It was during the First World War that some women in Canada were finally allowed to vote and in 1919 all European women over 21 had the right to vote in a federal election.
It wasn’t until 1960 that ALL Canadian women finally had the right to vote.
Which act, passed in 1914, led to the arrest and internment of Italian Canadians, Ukrainian Canadians, and Japanese Canadians?
The War Measures Act
1914: WWI Canada was at war with Germany and Austria and so people from Ukraine and German descent were sent to internment camps.
- in 1940 during WWII, Canada used the War Measure Act to arrest and intern people of Italian descent. The arrests affected more than 700 people.
- in 1942 Canada used the Act to arrest and intern more than 20000 people with Japanese ancestry following the bombing of Pearl Harbour Dec 7, 1941.
This act made it illegal for most Canadian businesses to open on Sunday.
Lord’s Day Act
What was the result of Big M Drug Mart challenging the Lord’s Day Act in 1982 (3 months after the Charter of Rights and Freedoms become part of Canada’s constitution) by staying open on Sunday?
The case was appealed to the Supreme Court where it was found that the Lord’s Day Act violated Canadian’s fundamental right to freedom of conscience and religion.
Canada’s No Fly List “Antiterrorism Act” explained:
In 2007, Canada’s government banned certain people from traveling by air for national security reasons. Canada’s gov’t published a ‘no fly’ list of people to be barred from boarding airline flights. These people were “reasonably suspected” by federal officials as threats. when people check in at the airport, they are automatically screened against the gov’t’s ‘no fly’ list. Canada’s privacy commissioner, Jennifer Stoddart said the gov’t should suspend the new “no-fly” list as it is a statute which impedes Canada’s Privacy Act and profoundly impacts the rights of Canadians including freedom of association and mobility rights.
Schools that were meant to provide First Nation children with an education and to also assimilate them. They removed children from their families and disrupted their culture. Now the Canadian gov’t is compensating former students for what they went through.
Residential Schools 1879-1996.
This group speaks one of Canada’s official languages (French or English) and does not make up the majority in the province or territory.
Official language minority group
A school that provides education for kids whose first language is French.
Francophone Schools
The term used in Canada to collectively describe the policies, constitutional provisions, and laws which ensure the legal equality of English and French in the Parliament and courts of Canada, protect the linguistic rights of English and French-speaking minorities in different provinces, and ensure a level of government services in both languages across Canada.
Official Bilingualism
side note: Provinces determine if they are officially bilingual (New Brunswick and Manitoba) or unilingual (Quebec: French; Alberta and Sask.: English).
Document entrenched thus protected in the Constitutional Act (1982) that lists and describes the fundamental rights and freedoms guaranteed to Canadians. Allows Canadians to challenge laws in court that restrict their rights. Also states gov’t is justified in restricting rights if the restrictions are necessary to maintain Canada as a free and democratic society.
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Law pertaining to the rights and status of Aboriginal Peoples; initially enacted in 1867 and amended several times.
Indian Act
An organization of workers that act to protect worker’s rights and interests.
Labour Unions
A special set of laws that establish a framework of governance. Highest law in Canada
constitution
The umbrella name for the diverse Aboriginal peoples who have collective rights that are recognized and protected in Canada’s constitution.
First Nations
side note: the constitution refers the First Nations as “Indians”, in keeping with the name used at the time of negotiating treaties
List our Fundament Freedoms under the Charter.
- Freedom to express your own opinion
- Freedom to choose your own religion
- Freedom to organize peaceful meetings and demonstrations
- Freedom to associate with any person or group
List our Democratic Rights under the Charter.
- The right to vote for members of the House of Commons and provincial legislatures
- The right to vote for a new gov’t at least every 5 years.
List our Mobility Rights under the Charter.
- The right to move anywhere within Canada and earn a living there
- The right to enter, stay in, or leave Canada
List our Legal Rights under the Charter.
- The right to be free of imprisonment, search seizure without reasons backed by law and evidence
- The right to a fair and quick public trial by an impartial court that assumes you are innocent until proven guilty
List our Equality Rights under the Charter.
-The right to be free from discrimination because of race, national or ethnic origin, religion, gender, age, or mental or physical disability
List responsibilities as a Canadian Citizen.
- understand and obey Canada’s laws
- express opinions freely while respecting the rights and freedoms of others
- help others in the community
- care for and protect our heritage and environment
- eliminate discrimination & injustice
- vote in elections (municipal, provincial, & federal)
The incorporation of one culture into another
assimilation/assimilate
someone who speaks French as a first language
Francophone
someone who speaks English as a first language
Anglophone
