unit 1 : mental health + schizophrenia

Question 1

Define normality

Answer 1

The state of having thoughts feelings and behaviours that are considered common and acceptable

Question 2

What are the six approaches that seek to define normality

Answer 2

The sociocultural approach, the functional approach, the historical approach, the medical approach,The statistical approach, the situational approach.

Question 3

What is the sociocultural approach to normality

Answer 3

Thoughts feelings and behaviours considered normal based on the particular social or cultural expectations

Question 4

What is the functional approach to normality

Answer 4

Considered normal if a person is able to cope with functioning as usual in society

Question 5

What is the historical approach to normality

Answer 5

Normality depends on the time or era when the judgement is made

Question 6

What is the medical approach to normality

Answer 6

Abnormal thoughts feelings or behaviours can have underlying medical causes and can usually be diagnosed and treated

Question 7

What is the statistical approach to normality

Answer 7

The majority of people think, feel and behave a certain way is considered normal

Question 8

What is the situational approach to normality

Answer 8

Depending on the situation, thoughts feelings or behaviours maybe considered normal as opposed to the same thoughts feelings or behaviours in another situation

Question 9

What is atypical development?

Answer 9

Development that is not typical. It is noticeably different from what is usual or appropriate

Question 10

What is adaptive behaviour?

Answer 10

Actions that enable a person to affectively carry out the usual every day tasks

Question 11

What is maladaptive behaviour?

Answer 11

Behaviour that interferes with the persons ability to carry out the usual activity in an effective way

Question 12

What does it mean to be mentally healthy?

Answer 12

Psychological state that maintains or improves functioning

Question 13

What does it mean to have a mental health problem?

Answer 13

Temporary state markedly impairing levels of functioning

Question 14

What is a mental health disorder?

Answer 14

More enduring but diagnosable

Question 15

What are characteristics of mental disorders?

Answer 15

The disorder occurs within the individual and results from dysfunction within the individual. There is a clinically diagnosed able dysfunction in thoughts/feelings/behaviour. The disorder causing significant distress. Actions and reactions are a typical of the person and inappropriate within their culture. The disorder is not a result of a personal conflict within society.

Question 16

What is the biopsychosocial model?

Answer 16

A three-way Venn diagram that reflects the biological, psychological and social factors that may have caused a mental disorder. It reflects a holistic view of mental health

Question 17

What are internal factors?

Answer 17

Stem from within an individual and relate to biological/psychological functioning.

Question 18

What are external factors?

Answer 18

Stems from outside an individual and arises from their environment such as social influences.

Question 19

What are some benefits of diagnosing?

Answer 19

Provides individual with understanding and reassurance. Can assist in devising targeted treatment. Provides a common language.

Question 20

What is interrater reliability?

Answer 20

Mental health professionals often make the same diagnosis

Question 21

What are the limitations of diagnosing?

Answer 21

Stigmatisation and self stigma. Under diagnosis and overdiagnosis. Diagnostic overshadowing (attributing a persons physical symptoms to the psychological disorder).

Question 22

What is the DSM – 5?

Answer 22

DSM – 5 stands for diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. It’s a system with categories of mental disorders used for diagnostic purposes developed in 1952.

Question 23

What is the DSM-5 used for? What info does it provide?

Answer 23

It has 21 categories of psychological disorders. It provides information about a disorders prevalence and population, course, affect on the individual and their relationships, and commorbity.

Question 24

What are the four major categories of psychological disorders?

Answer 24

Addiction disorder, anxiety disorder, mood disorder, personality disorder.

Question 25

What is an addiction disorder?

Answer 25

An addiction disorder is characterised by a dependence on a particular substance/behaviour. Biological factors include genetics, medical history, type of drug. Psychological factors include dual diagnosis. Sociocultural factors include environment, age, early use. Treatments include antidepressants, CBT, support groups.

Question 26

What are mood disorders?

Answer 26

General emotional state/mood is distorted or an consistent with your circumstances and interferes with your ability to function. Biological factors include genetic predispositions, medical conditions. Psychological factors include recurrent negative/unhealthy thought patterns. Social factors include trauma, death of a loved one, persistent bullying. Treatments include antidepressant medicines and psychotherapy.

Question 27

What are personality disorders?

Answer 27

A category of mental disorder that is characterised by a set of enduring personality traits and behaviours that diverged from societal and cultural disorders. Biological factors include genetics and trauma/nervous system disease.

Question 28

What is schizophrenia?

Answer 28

A specific kind of psychotic disorder characterised by the presence of long-term psychosis and impairment of functioning it is the most diagnosed psychotic disorder and lasts at least six months.

Question 29

What are symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 29

Symptoms include hallucinations, reduced expression of emotions and motivation, delusions, disorganise speech, catatonia (the inability to move normally)

Question 30

Contributing factors of schizophrenia?

Answer 30

Biological factors include genetic links, brain structure or function, reduced activity in the prefrontal cortex, less grey matter in front and temporal lobe, lower activity of neurotransmitters. Psychological factors include stress, cognitive impairments, memory problems. Social factors include negative family environment, dysfunctional parenting, disturb family communication styles, parenting styles that make child feel guilty.

Question 31

What is the two hit hypothesis?

Answer 31

It is used to explain how schizophrenia results from a combination of both genetic and environmental factors. Hit one is genetic vulnerability. Hit two is environmental influences. These heads must be in order: genetic and then environmental.

Question 32

What treatment can be used for schizophrenia?

Answer 32

Medical treatment can reduce some symptoms especially positive symptoms. CBT which is cognitive behaviour therapy helps identify and change irrational thought processes. Social support provides mutual support and assistance in finding work and accommodation.