Unit 1: Period 2 Vocab

Question 1

Atlantic Slave Trade

Answer 1

18th century triangular trade of African slaves over the middle passage and sold to the Americas

Question 2

Indentured Servants

Answer 2

Signed a contract with master to serve 4-7 years of labor in exchange for free passage from England, food, clothing, and shelter

Question 3

Beaver Wars

Answer 3

Series of conflicts in the mid-17th century between Iroquois trying to monopolize fur trade from the Hurons, the northern Algonquians, and their French allies.

Question 4

Chickasaw Wars

Answer 4

Fought in the 18th century between the Chickasaw allied with the British against the French and their allies the Choctaws and Illinois Confederation. French eventually ceded New France territory (along MI river) to the British via Treaty of Paris

Question 5

Wool Act

Answer 5

1699 parliament increased taxes and control over colony trade and production. (no export/import of manufactured wool outside Britain/colonies)

Question 6

Molasses Act

Answer 6

1733 parliament imposes six-pence per gallon on imports of molasses from non-English colonies (insisted by plantation owners in British west indies)

Question 7

Smuggling

Answer 7

Colonies illegally imported/exported goods with countries other than Britain

Question 8

King Philip’s War

Answer 8

1675 conflict between Natives and Colonists in New England, Metacom (king philip) dies.
Significance: Colonial group identity, separate of natives and British

Question 9

Pueblo Revolt

Answer 9

Indigenous pueblos revolt against the spanish in Santa Fe, New Mexico

Question 10

Maryland Toleration Act

Answer 10

Allowed freedom of worship to all Christians (Catholics, puritans, separatists) but sentenced death to those who denied the divinity of Jesus

Question 11

John Locke

Answer 11

Philosopher, “father of liberalism” who influenced declaration of independence, social contract of limited government, individual conciousness

Question 12

Mercantilism

Answer 12

The economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which a government should encourage by means of protectionism. Exploited colonies for raw materials.

Question 13

Navigation Acts

Answer 13

Mercantilist policies that limited imports/exports to Britain only

Question 14

Great Awakening

Answer 14

Evangelical revitalization popular in the colonies that affected protestantism; personal faith > rituals/religious institution

Question 15

Republicanism

Answer 15

Colonial idea of an independent republic replacing Bristish monarchy

Question 16

Roger Williams

Answer 16

Theologian who founded Providence and Rhode Island for religious freedom, later a reformed baptist

Question 17

Anne Hutchinson

Answer 17

Puritan who was banished from Mass Bay Colony for her antinomian (faith > deeds) belief and founded Portsmouth

Question 18

Antinomianism

Answer 18

Faith alone is necessary for salvation

Question 19

Halfway Covenent

Answer 19

1662 allowed partial church membership to increase religious purpose

Question 20

Quakers

Answer 20

Religious Society of the Friends focused on the soul over setup worship, accepting yet subjugated pacifists

Question 21

William Penn

Answer 21

Quaker who founded pennsylvania

Question 22

Puritans

Answer 22

English escaping religious persecution who sought to reform, or “purify”, the Church of England

Question 23

John Winthrop

Answer 23

English puritan lawyer who founded Mass Bay colony, naming it “city upon a hill”

Question 24

Great Migration

Answer 24

British puritans migrated to Mass Bay colony to escape persecution

Question 25

James Oglethorpe

Answer 25

British member of parliament who founded Georgia

Question 26

Mayflower Compact

Answer 26

First form of direct democracy, self-governing of separatists (pilgrim) to Plymouth

Question 27

House of Burgesses

Answer 27

First legislative assembly of elected representatives, est by Virginia Company

Question 28

Bacon's Rebellion

Answer 28

1676 armed rebellion by Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against William Berkeley, who hindered their involvement with natives on the western frontier and was a big ass rich farmer

Question 29

Fundamental Orders of CT

Answer 29

First written "constitution" that est. a representative govt

Question 30

New England Confederation

Answer 30

Military alliance of Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven united for Puritan Church and against native and dutch attacks

Question 31

Proprietary Colonies

Answer 31

Colonies owned by rulers who earned royal charters i.e. Duke of York and William Penn

Question 32

Dominion of New England

Answer 32

King James II had Edmund Andros consolidate New England and Mid-Atlantic colonies, stripped them of their writes, implemented a Church of England, and was soon diminished when crap James went bye bye (glorious rev)

Question 33

Headright System

Answer 33

In Jamestown, plots of land were given to immigrants and colonists to attract more laborers for tobacco farms

Question 34

Sir Edmund Andros

Answer 34

Administrated the dominion of new england for its 3 crappy years

Question 35

Jonathan Edwards

Answer 35

Puritan theologist who preached reformed, revitalized Great Awakening enlightenment stuff in Massachusetts 1733

Question 36

John Peter Zenger

Answer 36

German American printer and journalist in New York City who criticized a local governor and was acquitted at court, becoming a symbol for freedom of the press

Question 37

George Whitefield

Answer 37

English Anglican cleric who helped spread the Great Awakening in Britain and, especially, in the American colonies

Question 38

John Copley

Answer 38

Massachusetts born American painter, popular in the colonies and Britain, who depicted middle-class new englanders

Question 39

Phillis Wheatley

Answer 39

Phillis Wheatley was the first published African-American female poet, taught/encouraged to read and write by her Boston slave master fam hashtag lit slave fam get littty lit mmm okay brb kms

Question 40

Benjamin West

Answer 40

Anglo-American painter of historical scenes around and after the time of the American War of Independence and the Seven Years' War.