unit 1 - physical development

Question 1

What are the 4 principles of growth?

Answer 1

1. growth rates arent constant
   2.different parts of the body grow at different rates
   3.growth rates are different between children
2. boys normally have a faster growth rate

Question 2

Ways of measuring growth?

Answer 2

• head circumference
  -height
  -weight

Question 3

definition of growth?

Answer 3

an increase in size (length,height,weight)

Question 4

What are the life stages and their height?

Answer 4

1. infancy ( 0-2 )
2. Early Childhood ( 3 - 8 )
3. Adolescence ( 9 - 18 )
4. Early adulthood ( 19- 45 )
5. Middle adulthood ( 45 - 65 )
6. Later adulthood ( 65+ )

Question 5

definition of development ?

Answer 5

the acquisition of skills and abilities

Question 6

What are the areas of development?

Answer 6

• physical development
  -intellectual development
  -emotional development
  -social development

Question 7

Examples of physical development?

Answer 7

= growth patterns
= puberty
=gross and fine motor skills
=mobility

Question 8

Examples of intellectual development?

Answer 8

= memory
=language
=creativity
=problem solving

Question 9

Examples of emotional development?

Answer 9

=feelings
=identity
=self-esteem
=attachments
=self-image

Question 10

Examples of social development?

Answer 10

=relationships
=communication

Question 11

How is development observed?

Answer 11

through milestones

Question 12

Definition of gross motor skills?

Answer 12

skills that develop using large muscles
eg.arms,legs,torso

Question 13

Examples of gross motor skills in infancy?

Answer 13

• crawling
  -cruising
  -pulling

Question 14

Examples of gross motor skills?

Answer 14

-crawling
-walking
-jumping
-skipping
-climbing
-running

Question 15

Examples of gross motor skills in Early childhood?

Answer 15

-balance and walk along a line
-skip with a rope
-ride a bike
-hop on one foot
-throw a ball

Question 16

Definition of fine motor skills?

Answer 16

the ability to make small movements in small muscles in our hands and fingers

Question 17

Examples of fine motor skills in newborns?

Answer 17

• grasp an adults finger
  -pick up small objects

Question 18

Examples of fine motor skills in 18 months ?

Answer 18

• build with small blocks
  -use a spoon
  -control a crayon

Question 19

Examples of fine motor skills in 3 year olds?

Answer 19

• develop a tripod grip
  -use a fork and spoon
  -button buttons

Question 20

Examples of fine motor skills in 5 year olds?

Answer 20

-write their name

Question 21

Activity to help a childs grip?

Answer 21

holding a rattle or spoon

Question 22

Activity to help a childs hand-eye-corodination?

Answer 22

writing, puzzles

Question 23

Whats pubery?

Answer 23

• when a hormone in the brain send a signal to the pituitary gland which then releases hormones
• physical changed happen

Question 24

What hormones are released in puberty for boys?

Answer 24

• TESTOSTERNONE
  =produced at the testes
  =stimulates growth of penis, pubic hair, muscles and lowers the voice

Question 25

What hormones are released in puberty for girls?

Answer 25

OESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE =stimulate growth of breasts FSH =matures the egg LH =stimulates the release of the egg (ovulation) PROGESTERONE =maintains the lining OESTROGEN =thickens the lining

Question 26

Definition of primary sexual characteristics?

Answer 26

- relate to sex organs that are there at birth and mature when hormones are released

Question 27

Examples of primary sexual characteristic in girls?

Answer 27

-menstruation -uterus/vagina grows -ovulation

Question 28

Examples of primary sexual characteristic in boys?

Answer 28

-penis enlarges -production of sperm

Question 29

Definition of secondary sexual characteristics?

Answer 29

-develop in puberty -not related to sex organs or reproduction

Question 30

Examples of secondary sexual characteristics in girls?

Answer 30

- armpit hair -pubic hair -breasts enlarge -hips widen

Question 31

Examples of secondary sexual characteristics in boys?

Answer 31

-facial hair -armpit/chest/pubic hair -increase in muscles -voice deepens

Question 32

Whats physical maturation ?

Answer 32

- individuals reach peak physical maturity in early adulthood =physical strength and stamina at peak =full height reached =women most fertile =reaction time quickest

Question 33

When does perimenopause happen?

Answer 33

40-45 yrs in women

Question 34

The decrease of oestrogen in perimenopause causes?

Answer 34

- hot flushes -night sweats -mood swings

Question 35

Symptoms of perimenopause?

Answer 35

=period changes =night sweats =weight change =sleep problems

Question 36

How long is pregnancy and what are the stages?

Answer 36

- 40 weeks first trimester= week 1-12 second trimester= week 13-27 third trimester= 28-40

Question 37

How long does foetal development take and what are the stages?

Answer 37

- 38 weeks -germinal stage= weeks 2-4 -embryonic stage= weeks 4-9 =foetal stage= week 10=-birth

Question 38

Signs of pregnancy?

Answer 38

=hormone levels =weight gain =belly growth

Question 39

Symptoms of pregnancy?

Answer 39

=mood swings =morning sickness =swollen feet =back pain

Question 40

What factors impact mum and foetus?

Answer 40

=alcohol =mental state =smoking =hypothermia =drugs = lungs =seizures =placenta

Question 41

Whats foetal alcohol syndrome?

Answer 41

When the mother has drank a lot of alcohol during pregnancy

Question 42

Symptoms of foetal alcohol syndrome?

Answer 42

=small head =short nose =low nasal bridge =thin upperlip =small eyes =flat mid face

Question 43

When does the ageing process begin?

Answer 43

Middle adulthood

Question 44

Signs of ageing?

Answer 44

=greying hair =loss of strength and stamina =men lose hair =loss of height =women no longer fertile

Question 45

Whats menopause?

Answer 45

The ending of menstruation

Question 46

A reduction in oestrogen in menopause causes?

Answer 46

- ovaries stop producing eggs - thinning of vagina - hot flushes -mood swings

Question 47

A reduction of oestrogen and progesterone in menopause causes?

Answer 47

= gradually stops menstruation

Question 48

Symptoms of menopause?

Answer 48

-headaches -hot flushes -skin becomes drier -backaches

Question 49

Effects of ageing in later adulthood?

Answer 49

-less elasticity in skin -more likely to fall -weaker immune system -thinning of hair -reduction in hearing -decline in strength -loss of mobility