unit 1: psychology's history and approaches

Question 1

empiricism

Answer 1

idea that knowledge comes from experience, observation, science, experimentation, blank slate

ex: test a theory, chemistry
association: womack, physics, locke, bacon

Question 2

structuralism

Answer 2

study of introspection into the mind and how it affects decision-making, sensory experiences (conscious experience) (structure of the mind)

ex: driving, shopping
association: titchener, wundt

Question 3

functionalism

Answer 3

study of how external stimuli affects our behaviors in order to adapt, survive, and flourish (consciousness and functions of the mind vs. elements of experience)

ex: natural selection, studying
association: james, darwin

Question 4

experimental psychology

Answer 4

study of behavior and thinking using experiments

ex: little albert study (afraid of rats)
association: watson

Question 5

behaviorism

Answer 5

objective to studying observable behaviors

ex: dogs learning tricks, mating
association: watson, skinner

Question 6

humanistic psychology

Answer 6

the study of growth/potential in individuals

ex: rewards/compliments/love
association: rogers

Question 7

cognitive neuroscience

Answer 7

study of the brain in relation to cognition (perception, memory, thinking, language)

ex: decision-making, mood
association: brain

Question 8

psychology

Answer 8

science of behavior and mental processes

ex: therapists

Question 9

wundt

Answer 9

• established first psych lab in germany
• founder of psychology

Question 10

hall

Answer 10

• wundt’s american student
• established first psych lab in US @ john hopkins uni

Question 11

james

Answer 11

• conscious/functionalism (mental/behavioral processes in relation to adapting and thriving)
• emotions from external stimuli
• first textbook the principles of psych

Question 12

calkins

Answer 12

• jame’s female student
• outscored all males on qual. exams for harvard phd but rejected
• first apa woman president

Question 13

washburn

Answer 13

• first woman to get a psych phd
• animal behavior (the animal mind)

Question 14

freud

Answer 14

• personality theorist
• self-understanding (introspection and structuralism)

Question 15

watson

Answer 15

• behavior is learned through conditioning (behaviorism)
• little albert experiment

Question 16

skinner

Answer 16

• behaviorism
• studied how consequences shape our behavior

Question 17

rogers

Answer 17

• environment influences individual growth/potential/health
• humanistic psychology

Question 18

nature-nurture issue

Answer 18

• genes vs. experience
• innate vs acquired
  DARWIN

Question 19

natural selection

Answer 19

• inherited traits due to survival
• survival of the fittest
  DARWIN

Question 20

levels of analysis

Answer 20

• different views @ different tiers

Question 21

biopsychosocial approach

Answer 21

considering biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors in a phenomena

Question 22

behavioral psychology

Answer 22

• study of observable behavior
• reward/punishment

ex: watson/skinner

Question 23

biological psychology

Answer 23

• study of link between biological and psychological
• how brain creates emotions, memories, sensory inputs

Question 24

cognitive psychology

Answer 24

• how we think/encode info
• how we see the world
• learning our emotions and why we have them

Question 25

evolutionary psychology

Answer 25

- Darwin - inherited behaviors/traits due to survival

Question 26

psychodynamic psychology

Answer 26

- study of unconscious that drives our behaviors - driven by aggressive/sexual impulses - FREUD - stemming from childhood

Question 27

social-cultural psychology

Answer 27

- effect of behavior on situations and cultures

Question 28

psychometrics

Answer 28

- measuring our abilities, attitudes, traits ex: personality tests

Question 29

basic research

Answer 29

- science to increase background knowledge

Question 30

developmental psychology

Answer 30

- study of physical, cognitive, and social changes throughout life

Question 31

educational psychology

Answer 31

- study of effective teaching methods/learning

Question 32

personality psychology

Answer 32

- study of individual's patterns of thinking, feeling, acting

Question 33

social psychology

Answer 33

- study of how we view and affect each other

Question 34

applied research

Answer 34

- solving practical problems

Question 35

industrial-organizational psychology

Answer 35

- optimizing human behaviors in work places

Question 36

human factors psychology

Answer 36

- study of how people and machines interact ex: work site safety guidlines, technology

Question 37

counseling psychology

Answer 37

- assisting people w/ problems in living ex: therapists

Question 38

clinical psychology

Answer 38

- study and assess and treat psychological disorders ex: interpreting and administering tests/provide counseling

Question 39

psychiatry

Answer 39

- medicine dealing with psychological disorders ex: depression pills to increase serotonin

Question 40

positive psychology

Answer 40

- study of discovering strengths and virtues to help individuals thrive

Question 41

community psychology

Answer 41

- study of how people interact with social environments and how social institutes affect people

Question 42

testing effect

Answer 42

- enhanced memory b/c of quizzing/testing rather than reading

Question 43

SQ3R

Answer 43

- study method 1. survey 2. question 3. read 4. retrieve 5. review

Question 44

pavlov

Answer 44

- study of learning (conditioning) - russian psychologist

Question 45

piaget

Answer 45

- observer of children - swiss biologist

Question 46

darwin

Answer 46

- natural selection - nature vs nurture

Question 47

dix

Answer 47

- humane treatment of psychological disorders