Flashcards in Unit 1 Quiz Deck (30)
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1
What is developmental psychology?
Scientific study of the changes that occur over time in an individuals:
- thoughts
- behaviours
- reasoning
- functioning
2
Types of studies psychologists in this field do
- nature vs. nurture
- child psychology (learning, interacting)
- lifespan developments
- patterns of behaviour
3
Psychodynamic
your subconscious; memories and thoughts
4
Behavioural
learn by watching others; outcomes or rewards and punishments
5
Humanistic
needs and desires; personal growth
6
Evolutionary
survival instincts; natural selection
7
Cognitive
mental process; how one processes information or perceives situations, storage and recollection of thoughts
8
Sociocultural
influence of community (family, school, etc.)
9
6 stages of development
1. preconception/birth
2. infancy (0-2)
3. early childhood (2-6)
4. middle childhood (6-12)
5. adolescence
6. adulthood
10
Development is not caused simply by age- explain.
- maturation and experience are the main causes
- development requires the correct environment, experiences and teaching, and biological ability
11
Levels of environment that influence development
Physical: biological influences impacting an individual
Social: interactions/experiences; e.g. methods of discipline used by parents, peer influence
12
Developmental changes occur because of the influences from...
- biological changes (physical)
- individual changes (cognitive)
- environmental experiences
13
Nature vs. Nurture Question
The question of whether nature or nurture is more influential in human development
14
Areas of interest in the field of psychology?
- lifespan developments
- patterns of growth, change, stability, and others related to behaviour
15
What do psychologists do in working with people?
- research children (observe, how they play, how they change)
- work in the community (with parenting groups, support groups for parents with children who have special needs)
- work with teachers (those who teach children with special needs or learning disabilities)
- work with social welfare groups (involved with legal issues)
16
Lifespan Perspective: Lifelong
no age period dominates development
17
Lifespan Perspective: Multidimensional
development occurs biologically, emotionally, and spiritually
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Lifespan Perspective: Multidirectional
some aspects of development increase while others decrease
19
Lifespan Perspective: Changing
depending on the individual's life conditions, development may take many paths
20
Lifespan Perspective: Historically embedded
development is influenced by historical conditions (behaviour of parents during gestation, genetics, etc.)
21
Lifespan Perspective: Multidisciplinary
several scientific areas of study are involved in understanding development throughout the lifespan
22
Lifespan Perspective: Contextual
depending on the context of the influence (biological make-up, physical environment, social context, historical or culture context)
23
Explain which of Nature and Nurture are more significant in the development of an individual
Both are essential, and they cooperate in two ways:
1. there must be the right nature sources in order for nurture experiences to accomplish development
2. the right learning environment will be wasted on biology that has not reached the right age
24
Influences of nature
- biological factors
- maturation stages
- traits, abilities, capacities inherited from parents
- any factor produced by predetermined genetic info
25
Influences of nurture
- education
- stimulated environment
- nutrition
- physical activities
- social influences
- values
- personality
~ physical and social environment
26
Example of Nature vs. Nurture study
Toilet training: whether nature or nurture determines success/age of success
27
How are identical twins different from fraternal twins?
Identical twins started as one fertilized egg which then split and developed into two fetuses, with nearly identical genetic codes. Fraternal twins result when two separate eggs are fertilized by two separate sperm, and have different genetic codes.
28
Describe ways identical twins may differ from birth
physical environment influences; e.g. medical issues, size of womb, condition of mother
29
Explain why scientists previously believed it was beneficial to separate identical twins
helped them to become more fully developed individuals, improved psychological development
30
