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PNS Exam One > Unit 1: Review > Flashcards

Unit 1: Review Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the central nervous system include?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system include?

A

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves

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3
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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4
Q

What location of each cranial nerve carries efferent information?

A

Nuclei of origin

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5
Q

What location of each cranial nerve receives information to give to higher brain systems?

A

Nuclei of termination

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6
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31 (mixed)

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7
Q

How do spinal nerves attach to the spinal cord itself?

A

Ventral (anterior) and dorsal (posterior) rootlets

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8
Q

What does each spinal nerve split into?

A

Ventral (anterior) and dorsal (posterior) primary rami

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9
Q

What covers the entire nervous system?

A

Dura mater

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10
Q

What are the functional divisions of the nervous system?

A

Somatic and visceral (autonomic)

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11
Q

What are the structural divisions of the nervous system?

A

CNS and PNS

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12
Q

How many neurons are required in the somatic division of the nervous system?

A

1

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13
Q

What are the two types of somatic neurons?

A

Sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent)

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14
Q

What does the visceral division of the nervous system control?

A

Glands, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle

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15
Q

How many neurons are required in the visceral division of the nervous system?

A

2

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16
Q

What is the overall function of the autonomic (visceral nervous system)?

A

Controls vital body functions

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17
Q

What cord levels represent the sympathetic nervous system?

A

T1-L2

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18
Q

Which part of the autonomic nervous system is involved in the fight or flight response?

A

Sympathetic

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19
Q

Which splanchnic nerves are important for the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Greater, lesser, least, sacral

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20
Q

Which division of the autonomic nervous system has a short preganglionic neuron?

A

Sympathetic

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21
Q

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is located in the lateral horn of the spinal cord?

A

Sympathetic

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22
Q

What cranial nerves are under parasympathetic control?

A

3, 7, 9, and 10

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23
Q

What cord levels represent the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

S2-S4

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24
Q

Which division of the autonomic nervous system contains fewer blood vessels?

A

Parasympathetic

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25
What splanchnic nerves are important in the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
Pelvic
26
What is the overall function of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
Returning the body to normalcy (homeostasis)
27
Which division of the autonomic nervous system has a long preganglionic neuron?
Parasympathetic
28
What spinal level represents the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
T12, L1
29
Where does cranial nerve I synapse?
Olfactory bulb
30
What is the pathway of cranial nerve II?
Retinal fibers converge on the optic disc and are carried in the optic nerve, chiasma, and tract to the lateral geniculate bodies
31
What muscles are involved in the parasympathetic supply of cranial nerve III?
Ciliaris and sphincter pupillae
32
Which cranial nerve has two nuclei of origin?
Oculomotor
33
What is the nerve supply for levator palpebra superioris?
Oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III)
34
How many muscles are suppled by cranial nerve III?
5 somatic and 2 visceral muscles
35
What is the smallest cranial nerve?
IV (trochlear)
36
What is the action of the superior oblique muscle?
Depresses & abducts cornea
37
Cranial nerve IV supplies what muscle?
Superior oblique
38
What is unique about cranial nerve IV?
Only one with origin on posterior side of brain stem and decussates after leaving CNS
39
Which cranial nerve is known as the "Great Sensory Nerve of the Face"?
Cranial nerve V
40
Is cranial nerve V purely sensory?
NO; mixed cranial nerve
41
What is the largest cranial nerve?
V (trigeminal)
42
What cranial nerve is responsible for the motor supply to muscles of mastication?
V (trigeminal)
43
What muscle is supplied by cranial nerve VI?
Lateral rectus
44
What is the action of the lateral rectus muscle?
Abducts cornea
45
What is the special sense associated with cranial nerve VII?
Taste
46
What cranial nerve is also known as the "Nerve of Facial Expression"?
Cranial nerve VII
47
Cranial nerve VII supplies what portion of the tongue?
Anterior 2/3
48
What two special senses are associated with cranial nerve VIII?
Hearing and equilibrium
49
Cranial nerve IX supplies what part of the tongue?
Posterior 1/3
50
Which cranial nerve has parasympathetic supply to the parotid gland?
IX
51
What sense is associated with cranial nerve X?
A little bit of taste
52
What is the longest cranial nerve?
X (vagus)
53
Which cranial nerve is largely parasympathetic in nature?
X
54
Which cranial nerve contains cranial and spinal parts?
XI (spinal accessory)
55
The cranial part of cranial nerve XI supplies which muscles?
Somatic muscles of the pharynx, larynx, and palate
56
Is cranial nerve XII largely motor or sensory?
Motor (to intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue)
57
What are the two types of upper motor neurons?
Pyramidal and extrapyramidal
58
Which type of neuron in the somatic motor pathway is carried in named nerves to supply somatic muscles?
Lower motor neurons
59
Most upper motor neurons synapse where?
Anterior horn (rexed lamina VII) of the gray matter
60
Somatic sensory pathways require how many overall neurons?
3
61
Which neuron in the somatic sensory pathway decussates and conveys information to the thalamus?
Secondary (second order) neuron
62
Which neuron in the somatic sensory pathway relays information to the cerebral cortex?
Tertiary (third order) neuron
63
Most upper motor neurons descend in which spinal tract?
Lateral corticospinal tract
64
Where are the cell bodies of lower motor neurons located?
Ventral horn of the gray matter in the spinal cord
65
Which neuron of the somatic sensory pathway conveys information from the receptor to the CNS?
Primary (first order) neuron
66
What are the two types of neurons of the somatic motor pathway?
Upper and lower motor neurons
67
Where are the cell bodies found for the upper motor neurons?
In the cerebral cortex (Bdmn. Area 4, 6, 8 and even 1, 2, and 3)

PNS Exam One (6 decks)

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