Unit 1 test Flashcards
1
Q
define epoch
A
a time period
2
Q
define era
A
a time period
3
Q
define contemporary
A
happening or living at the same time
4
Q
define chronological
A
events in the order of occurance
5
Q
define anachronistic
A
anything out of its proper time period
6
Q
define archaeology
A
study of old stuff/ things that past humans left behind
7
Q
define anthropology
A
study of old remains (mummies)
8
Q
define culture
A
the way of life of a group
9
Q
define covilization
A
a complex, developed culture usually associated with specific achievements such as agriculture, urban life, specialized labor, and a system of writing
10
Q
define theist
A
anyone who believes in any kind of god
11
Q
define polytheist
A
one who believes in many gods
12
Q
define monotheist
A
one who believes in one god
13
Q
define athiest
A
someone who doesn’t believe in god
14
Q
define historiography
A
study of history in its written form
15
Q
what does BC mean
A
before christ
16
Q
what does AD mean
A
Anno Domini
17
Q
what does anno domini mean
A
the time after god
18
Q
whats the alternative for bc and ad
A
BCE and CE
before common era and common era
19
Q
describe how centuries work
A
1st century - 0-99
2nd century - 100-199
21st century - 2000-2099
20
Q
describe BC
A
1st century BC: -99-1
2nd century BC: -199-100
21
Q
define history
A
whats been recorded and passed down
22
Q
define prehistory
A
what occurred prior to the written record
23
Q
around what time would we consider it prehistory
A
4000 bc
24
Q
when was the early Paleolithic era
A
3,000,000-30,000 BC
25
what does Paleolithic mean
old rock / old stone age
26
what were the tools like in the early Paleolithic era
-unrefined tools
-stone tools (flaking, chipping)
27
when did the late Paleolithic era occur
30,000-10,000 BC
28
describe the tools of the late paleolithic era
advanced tools
-fishhook, harpoon, bow and arrow
29
when did the neolithic era occur
10,000-7,000
30
what were the tools like in the neolithic era
refined by grinding and polishing
31
what were some of the characteristics of the neolithic age
-knitting and weaving
-permanent settlements
-planned agriculture
-fire by friction
-domesticated animals
32
who were the first “people”
donosovan
33
where do homo sapiens sapiens come from
Africa
34
where did they migrate to from egypt and israel
Mesopotamia, America, Asia, europe
35
when did the neolithic transition occur
15,000 BC
36
what happened during the neolithic transition
large groups in SW Asia and middle east abandon the nomadic lifestyle to begin permanent settlements
37
what are some theories why the neolithic transition occured
1. climate change
2. human ingenuity (discovery of water source, plant production or migration patterns)
38
describe the neolithic agricultural revolution
-more people living in settlements
-privately owned property
-rules for property boundaries and women
-specialization of labor
-irrigation
39
who most likely discovered farming
women
40
what was the earliest place farming was evident
Wadi Natuf
41
what were the people called that lived in Wadi Natuf
Natufians
42
what were two of the major settlements during the neolithic era
Jericho and Catalhoyuk
43
where was jericho
west bank of jordan river
44
where was Catalhoyuk
Turkey
45
what does Mesopotamia mean
middle of rivers
46
what rivers where mesopotamia surrounded by
tigris and Euphrates
47
where is Mesopotamia in modern day maps
iraq
48
what was the agriculture like in Mesopotamia
- lots of water near rivers
- irrigation (6,000 bc)
- small scale
49
what kind of crops were harvested in Mesopotamia
Barley, wheat and peas
50
describe Mesopotamian cities
- differ from earlier villages
- influence extended beyond walls (economic, cultural, religious)
51
what did Hammurabi conquer
the old Babylonian Empire
52
what were the time periods for the old, middle and new kingdom
old: 3100-2040 BC
middle: 2040-1600 BC
new: 1600-1100 BC
53
why are upper and lower egypt upside down
they used the flow of the Nile to orient themselves
54
where was lower and upper egypt
lower: delta region
upper: long strip south of delta
55
where was Nubia between
between Nile’s 1st and 6th cataracts/rapids
56
who was the father of history
Herodotus
57
when did Herodotus do his work
400’s BC
58
What did Herodotus call Egypt
Gift of the Nile
59
how did egyptians farm
they tossed seeds out as the Nile flooded to created easier farming
60
how did egyptians move beyond the Niles immediate area
they built levees, catchment basins, and shadufs
61
egyptians were slower than mesopotamians to develop ________________
metal tools and weapons
62
what did egyptians quickly develop
pottery, leather textiles
63
what did pyramid building require
laborers, architects, engineers, and artists
64
what were two of the major cities in egypt
Memphis and Thebes
65
describe Memphis
- founded by Menes 3100BC
- capital of ^ and v egypt
- located head of delta of nile
66
Describe Thebes
administrative upper egypt and seat of worship for Amon
67
who were the two main gods in ancient egypt
Amon and Ra
68
describe Amon
- thebian deity
- god of sun, creation, fertility and production
69
describe Re
- worshipped at Heleopolis
- sun god
70
who challenged Amon-Re and with what god
Akhenaten/ Aten
71
why did egyptians mummify their dead
- pragmatic reasons
- preparation for journey into afterlife
72
what god leads you into the next life
Osiris
73
what god will eat your soul if you fail judgement
Amet
74
what’s the egyptian social heirarchy
1. Gods
2. pharoah
3. vizier
4. priests
5. bureaucrats
6. craftspeople/merchants
7. slaves
75
who was the only female pharoah
Hatshepsut
76
how did egypts economic system work
- used the nile as transport
- built boats
77
describe the natural resources of the nile
had: many plants (papyrus, dates, etc.)
lacked: building wood
78
where did the egyptians get building wood
lebanon (also traded with Nubia
79
what did papyrus make
paper, boats, ropes, baskets
80
Khufu is made from ___________
2.5 tons of 2,300,000 blocks of limestone
81
describe hieroglyphics
used only for kings
- consisted of 750 symbols
82
what language was used by the common egyptian
demotic
83
describe Hammurabi’s code
used lex talionis (eye for an eye)
84
where did the phoenecians occupy
modern day lebanon and north africa
85
what did phoenicians create in language
the phonetic alphabet
86
when did the Assyrian Empire take place
746-609 BC
87
what were the chief cities of Assyria
Nineveh and Assur
88
who founded the early use of tight-knit infantry formations
the Assyrian Empire
(shield walls and spears)
89
who did the Assyrian empire overthrow and when
northern kindgom of israel 722 BCE
90
when did the new babylonian empire take place
612-539
91
who was the most notable king of the new babylonian empire
nebuchadnezzar
92
describe babylon
more than 2100 acres
modern day iraq
1,729 temples
made a lavish showcase
93
describe the hanging gardens of babylon
- one of the seven wonders of the world
- built by nebuchadnezzar II around 600 BC
94
describe hebrews and israelites
- started with abraham, jacob and issac
- established in Canaan
- went into egypt and were enslaved
95
who was the only female judge of israel
deborah
