Unit 1 Test Flashcards
(143 cards)
0
Q
what are the other names for technology?
A
“applied research” or “technological development”
1
Q
what is technology?
A
the application of scientific knowledge to improve the quality of life
2
Q
what is pure science also known as?
A
basic research
3
Q
what is pure science?
A
knowledge or information (just to understand the concept/topic)
4
Q
how did scientists originally work?
A
as pure scientists (weren’t trying to find stuff for marketing purposes or for money gain)
5
Q
what science fields are still mostly pure?
A
astronomy and studying the atom
6
Q
was all science once pure?
A
yes
7
Q
what must the grade of chemical purity be for high tech research?
A
totally pure (100%)
8
Q
what can chemicals be contaminated by?
A
air or other things
9
Q
less contamination of chemicals mean…
A
…more pure
10
Q
study branches of chemistry in other flashcards!!`
A
she said to know these really well!!
11
Q
what is a hypothesis?
A
a researched & testable prediction (what you think will happen)
12
Q
what is scientific theory?
A
everything we currently know on a particular concept/topic in science
the who, what, where, when & whys
13
Q
what is scientific law?
A
a statement of what we know to be true
- shorter than theory, usually a sentence
- specific statements of info we know
14
Q
what is matter?
A
something with mass & volume
15
Q
what are the 2 subcategories of matter?
A
substances & mixtures
16
Q
what are the 2 subcategories of substances?
A
elements & compounds
17
Q
what are the 2 subcategories of mixtures?
A
heterogeneous & homogeneous
18
Q
what are the 3 subcategories of heterogeneous mixtures?
A
- colloids
- suspensions
- emulsions
19
Q
what is a substance?
A
has a set substance composition
-known, constant, unchanging
20
Q
what is an element?
A
has all the same atom (one type of atom)
found on periodic table
21
Q
what are compounds?
A
- have chemical formulas
- chemical combo of atoms
- *form chemical bond to chemically combine
22
Q
what are mixtures?
A
physical combo of elements & atoms
two types: one where you see the parts & one where you can’t
23
Q
what is the breakdown of the word homogeneous?
A
homo = same geneous = make up
24
what are homogeneous mixtures?
they appear the same everywhere
25
what is a suspension?
a heterogeneous mixture that settles & separates
26
what is a colloid?
a heterogeneous mixture that mixes in clusters of molecules but we can't see them
27
what is an emulsion?
a heterogeneous mixture that's a naturally occuring suspension but we make into a colloid by putting in an emulsifying agent
28
what is the breakdown of the word heterogeneous?
```
hetero = different
geneous = make up
```
29
what is a heterogeneous mixture?
can see the parts that make it up
30
what are properites?
characteristics or features of the material
31
what are the 2 types of properties?
physical & chemical
32
what are the 2 types of physical properties?
extensive & intensive
33
what are physical properties?
characteristics of substance that can be easily observed or measured
34
what are extensive properties?
depend on amount of matter
35
what are intensive properties?
do NOT depend on amount of matter
36
give some examples of extensive properties
- height
- mass
- length
- volume
- diameter
37
give some examples of intensive properties
- color
- crystal structure
- odor
- boiling point
- melting point
- DENSITY
38
what are chemical properties?
- LIST of what substance will & will NOT react with
| - tells how substance will respond when w/ other materials
39
give some examples of chemical properties
- reacts w/ H2O
- doesn't react w/ acids
- doesn't react w/ metals
- slightly reacts w/ oxygen
40
what are the 2 types of changes?
physical & chemical
41
what are physical changes?
change in size, shape, state of matter, solution formed
DO NOT change make up of substance
42
what are chemical changes?
changes that make a NEW substance
| aka chemical reaction
43
give some examples of physical changes
- boiling
- evaporating
- freezing
- breaking
- bending
- dissolving
44
give some examples of chemical changes
- rusting
- digestion
- baking
- burning
45
how many groups are there on the PT?
18 (#1-18)
46
what are groups?
columns of PT that have the same # of valence electrons
47
what is special about groups on PT?
elements have similar chemical/physical properties
48
how many periods on PT?
7 (#1-7)
49
what are periods on PT?
rows with elements that have the same outermost energy level (w/ valence electron)
50
where are metals, nonmetals, & metalloids located on the PT?
- metals on left
- nonmetals on right
- metalloids on stairstep line
51
what goes before the decimal place in scientific notation?
one nonzero #
52
what is the # before the multiplication sign in scientific notation?
the coefficient
53
the is the number that is raised up next to the 10 in scientific notation?
the exponent
54
what should you watch for when writing the final answer after converting with scientific notation?
the decimal!!!!! watch bc of sig figs!!!!!!
55
what is the 10 in scientific notation?
the base
56
are nonzero #s significant?
ALWAYS
57
when are zeros significant?
- zero between sigfigs
- before written decimal (& after sig figs)
- after decimal & after sig fig
58
when are zeros NOT significant?
- alone before decimal
- after decimal BUT before 1st sig fig
- before unwritten decimal
59
in scientific notation, when are #s significant?
ALL #S IN COEFFICENT ARE SIGNIFICANT
60
what do you round to when you add/subtract?
value w/ least # decimal places
61
what do you round to when you multiply/divide?
value w/ least # sig figs
62
`how many SI base units are there?
7
63
what are the 7 SI base units?
1. length
2. mass
3. time
4. temperature
5. amount of substance
6. electric current
7. luminous intensity
64
what is the unit for length?
meter
65
what is the unit for mass?
kilogram
66
what is the unit for time?
second
67
what is the unit for temperature?
Kelvin
68
what is the unit for amount of substance?
mole
69
what is the unit for electric current?
ampere
70
what is the unit for luminous intensity?
candela
71
give the SI prefixes from smallest to largest
```
pico
nano
micro
milli
centi
deci
no prefix
deka
hecto
kilo
mega
```
72
what is the symbol for pico?
p
73
what is the symbol for nano?
n
74
what is the symbol for micro?
fancy u/m looking thing
75
what is the symbol for milli
m
76
what is the symbol for centi
c
77
what is the symbol for deci
d
78
what is the symbol for deka
da
79
what is the symbol for hecto
h
80
what is the symbol for kilo
k
81
what is the symbol for mega
M
82
what do you use to convert between prefixes/units
factor label method
83
do sig figs change in factor label method?
no (but watch out to make sure answer is written correctly)
84
what is the formula for area?
length X width
85
what is the formula for volume?
length X width X height
86
what is the formula for density?
density = mass/volume (D = m/v)
87
what instrument do you use to measure mass?
balance
88
what are the units used when measuring mass?
g, mg, kg
89
what units are used when measuring volume?
cubic length units (cm^3, m^3, mm^3)
or L, mL
cubic length units --> derived & PREFERRED
L, mL --> non scientific units
*****used for liquids & gases
90
what is the coversion formula for mL & L to cubic length units?
1 mL = 1 cm^3
| 1 L = 1 dm^3
91
what instrument is used for measuring volume?
graduated cylinder
92
what are the energy levels like in solids, liquids & gases?
solids --> lowest energy
liquids --> more than S, less than G
gas --> highest energy
93
what is the energy in plasma like?
more energy than all the others
94
describe metals (5 points)
1. conduct electricity & heat
2. solid (except Hg)
3. ductile & malleable
4. shiny
5. silver/gray color (except Cu & Au)
95
what does ductile mean?
drawn into wires
96
what does malleable mean?
drawn into thin sheets
97
describe nonmetals (4 points)
1. brittle (when S) --> can't reshape them
2. do not conduct
3. S-L-G (no set one state)
4. dull
98
describe metalloids (3 points)
1. solid, brittle
2. can conduct under specific conditions
3. all other properties are like nonmetals
99
what are the 6 metalloids?
1. B
2. Si
3. Ge
4. As
5. Sb
6. Te
100
what is another name for metalloids?
semiconductors
101
what does IUPAC stand for?
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists
102
what does the IUPAC do?
regualtes rules & procedures (science version of MLA)
103
value of mega?
10^6 --> 1 000 000
104
value of kilo?
10^3 --> 1000
105
value of hecto?
10^2 --> 100
106
value of deka?
10^1 --> 10
107
value of no prefix?
10^0 --> 1
108
value of deci?
10^-1 --> 1/10
109
value of centi?
10^-2 --> 1/100
110
value of milli?
10^-3 --> 1/1000
111
value of micro?
10^-6 --> 1/1 000 000
112
value of nano?
10^-9 --> 1/1 000 000 000
113
value of pico?
10^-12 ---> 1/1 000 000 000 000
114
what is needed to work with derived units?
a calculator to do math
115
what instrument is used with derived units?
no direct instrument to measure
116
what instrument used with area?
some sort of measuring stick
117
what is area often referred to as?
surface area
118
what units are used with area?
squared length units (ex. cm^2, mm^2)
119
what instrument used with volume?
some sort of measuring stick
120
what units are used with volume?
cubic length units (cm^3, m^3)
121
what unit is used with density?
mass per cubic length unit (ex. kg/m^3, g/cm^3, mg/mm^3)
122
what unit do you use for density when dealing with solids & liquids?
g/cm^3
123
what unit do you use for density when dealing with gases?
kg/m^3
124
why do you use a different unit for gases when measuring density?
b/c gas doens't have many particles therefore not much matter therefore not much mass
therefore you end up with a small # after calculating (mass/volume) and it would be even tinier if you use g/cm^3
[gas has low density]
125
what is accuracy?
compares lab result to actual (real) value
126
what do you calculate accuracy with?
% error
127
what is the formula for % error?
% error = l actual value - lab result l
| / actual value X 100
128
where do sig figs come from in % error & % diff. problems?
the numerator
129
what is precision?
compares 2 lab results
**must do same lab twice or compare w/ someone else to be precise**
130
what do you calculate precision with?
% difference
131
what is the % difference formula?
% diff. = l 1st lab result - 2nd lab result l
| / average of lab results X 100
132
what is a direct proportion?
as independent variable (x) increases...dependent variable (y) increases
AND
as independent variable (x) decreases...dependent variable (y) decreases
133
what is the general formula for direct proportions?
k = y/x
134
what is the graph of a direction proportion
a line
135
what is an example of a directionally proportionate relationship?
density
136
what is an inverse proportion?
as independent variable (x) increases... dependent variable (y) decreases
AND
as independent variable (x) decreases... dependent variable (y) increases
137
what is the general formula of an inversely proportionate relationship?
k = xy
138
what does the graph of an inversely proportionate relationship look like?
a curve
139
what should you always give when doing calculations?
the original formula
140
what shouldn't you do when substituting in #s?
never alter the #s (ex. don't change into or out of scientific notation)
141
what symbol should you use for multiplication?
X (not the dot)
142
should you box answers?
NO
