Unit 1 Test Part 2

Question 1

Which of the following thinkers believed that people were born as blank slates and experiences formed their personality?

Answer 1

Locke

Question 2

Samantha believes all behavior originates from unconscious forces developed primarily in childhood and focused primarily on sex and aggression. With which approach to psychology is Samantha most likely to agree?

Answer 2

Psychoanalytic

Question 3

With which of the following statements would a behaviorist be most likely to agree?

Answer 3

Psychology can only study what we can observe, because this is all that can be empirically tested.

Question 4

Katelyn is struggling in school and fighting frequently with her parents. She is not sure about her future and what she wants to study in college. With which of the following statements about Katelyn would a humanistic psychologist most likely agree?

Answer 4

Katelyn will work to the best of her ability to get her life back on track.

Question 5

How does the humanistic approach to psychology differ from the psychoanalytic approach?

Answer 5

The humanistic approach focuses on striving to be one’s best, while the psychoanalytic approach examines unconscious forces and the importance of sex and aggression.

Question 6

Edward Titchener followed the structuralist approach to examine human consciousness. With which of the following would he agree?

Answer 6

We can use the process of introspection by asking people about their conscious experience to specific stimuli.

Question 7

Read the following quotation and answer the question that follows.
“Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select… regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors” (1930)
To whom would the above statement most likely be attributed?

Answer 7

John Watson

Question 8

Benjamin helps design cars that are easy to drive and intuitive to use. It is most likely that Benjamin is engaged in which of the following fields of psychology?

Answer 8

Human factors

Question 9

Denise just transferred from another school. She is having trouble adjusting to her new environment because she is very shy and is finding it difficult to make new friends. Which of the following types of psychologist might best help Denise work through this adjustment period?

Answer 9

Counseling

Question 10

Which of the following best describes how psychiatrists most often treat patients?

Answer 10

Through medication management

Question 11

A researcher want to determine if studying for a half hour each night for a week in preparation for an exam is better that studying for three-and-a-half hours on Sunday evening for an exam on Monday. Researchers will randomly select participants for the study and randomly place participants into either the massed (Sunday night) or distributed (half hour a night) study group. They will also measure the outcome of each unit exam (both groups will take the same exam). What is the dependent variable in the experiment?

Answer 11

The score on each exam

Question 12

An experimenter wants to determine the impact of caffeine on attention span. Which of the following best represents random assignment?

Answer 12

Placing participants into either the caffeine or non-caffeine group without any set pattern

Question 13

A researcher wants to investigate a unique brain tumor in a twelve-year-old child to see how the tumor affects the child’s behavior. The researcher will conduct a battery of cognitive and physical tests with the child over the course of 6 months to account for potential changes in the tumor’s size and impact. Which of the following would be the best research method to study this situation?

Answer 13

Individual case study

Question 14

A researcher determined that the less practice teenagers had driving, the more moving violations they received during the first year after receiving their driver’s license. This finding is an example of which of the following?

Answer 14

A negative correlation

Question 15

A graduate student wants to conduct a study to investigate people’s opinions regarding the death penalty. Because he has not yet taken his research methods course, he does not know which technique would be best to gather data on this issue. Based on what you have read about research techniques, which of the following techniques would work best for his proposed study?

Answer 15

Survey

Question 16

A researcher who had a role in designing a new medication for headaches want to promote it. She unconsciously suggests to those who took her medication that they are feeling better than those who had an alternative medication. This demonstrates which of the following phenomena?

Answer 16

Experimenter bias

Question 17

What is the best way for a researcher to avoid unconsciously signaling any point of view to the participants in a study?

Answer 17

Double-blind study

Question 18

Which of the following is the best example of random selection?

Answer 18

Arbitrarily selecting names from everyone in the population to determine who will be in the study

Question 19

Mary is an undergraduate student who has volunteered for a study her professor is running. During the study, Mary picks up on cues from her professor about the expectations he has regarding the outcome of the study. The professor does not realize he is giving these cues, and she does not realize that she is picking up on them, yet she behaves as he expects. Which of the following phenomena has occurred?

Answer 19

Mary has displayed demand characteristics.

Question 20

A researcher has found that the more time athletes spend training in track and field, the lower their times in the 100-meter run. She determined that this result means training causes drops in times. Which of the following is true about this study?

Answer 20

The researcher has falsely determined that correlation proves causation.