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AP Bio > Unit 1 - Water, Macromolecules > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Water, Macromolecules Flashcards

1
Q

Carbohydrate elements

monomer, polymer

bond

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Monosaccharide, Polysaccharide

glycoside

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2
Q

Protein elements

monomer, polymer

bond

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Sulfide when it comes to disulfide bridge

Animo Acid, peptide, polypeptide

peptide

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3
Q

Lipid elements

monomer, polymer

bond

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorous (phospholipid bilayer)

not real, fatty acid

ester

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4
Q

Nucleic Acid elements

monomer, polymer

bond

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous

nucleotide, polynucleotide

phosphodiester (link the sugar phosphate backbone to the next one from 5’ to 3’)

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5
Q

Hydroxyl

A
  • OH
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6
Q

Carbonyl

A

C = O

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7
Q

Carboxyl

A

C = O
- OH

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8
Q

Animo/N-Terminus

A

N - H
- H

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9
Q

Saturated
vs
Unsaturated

A

Linear, solid, animal fat

Bent, liquid (cis: bent, trans: straight), plant oil

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10
Q

Dehydration Synthesis

A

bonds monomers by losing H2O

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11
Q

Hydrolysis

A

breaks down polymers by adding H2O

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12
Q

Polarity

A

H2O, H has S+ and O has S-

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13
Q

Cohesion

A

sticking to itself

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14
Q

Adhesion

A

sticking to others

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15
Q

Surface tension

A

cohesion

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16
Q

Capillary action

A

sticking to itself and sticking to other surfaces, defies gravity, found in plants

17
Q

High Specific Heat

A

needs lots of energy to heat up, hard to change the temperature

18
Q

Evaporative cooling

A

sweating, maintaining body temp - homeostasis

19
Q

Density

A

reason of floating ice, in frozen lake, the water underneath will stay not too cold

20
Q

Solvent

A

H2O: due to water being polar (unbalanced), it can bind to a lot of things

21
Q

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quatranary

A
  1. linear animo acid chain
  2. peptide backbone coils and folds up (alpha helix, beta pleats)
  3. 3D structure is formed based on the R-group
  4. multiple polypeptide structures together
22
Q

Protein R-Group

A

determines the shapes, which determines function

23
Q

DNA characteristics

A
  • double stranded
  • thymine
  • deoxyribose (sugar without oxygen)
24
Q

RNA characteristics

A
  • single stranded
  • uracil
  • ribose
25
Q

Both DNA and RNA

A
  • adenine, guanine, cytosine
  • transmission of genetic info
  • make proteins
  • 5’ to 3’ directionality
26
Q

Pyrimidines

A

1 ring, 6 atoms

cytosine, thymine, uracil

27
Q

Purines

A

1 ring, 5 atoms

adenine, guanine

28
Q

Charaff’s rule

A

A - T = 2 H bonds
G - C = 3 H bonds

29
Q

Sugar Phosphate Backbone

A

5’ to 3’
phosphate group
sugar

30
Q

Nucleoside
vs
Nucleotide

A

sugar + nitrogen base

phosphate + sugar + nitrogen base

AP Bio (8 decks)

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