Unit 1 - What is Psychology?

Question 1

what is psych?

Answer 1

• study of mind/behavior

- embraces all aspects of conscious and unconscious experience, as well as thought

Question 2

difference between research and applied psych?

Answer 2

• research: study of people’s problems/ doing case studies on topics, getting info, learning, observing.
• applied: taking research and what they have learned/observed and applying it to help and treat others.

Question 3

explain…… the 1st wave of psych

Answer 3

introspection (look and respond)

• Wundt and Titchener
• ^structuralism^ (look/respond w emotion)
• functionalism (how someone plays a role w life aspects)-James

Question 4

2nd wave of psych

Answer 4

Gestalt psychology (Wertheimer)
-puzzle, a whole

Question 5

3rd wave

Answer 5

psychoanalytical (Freud and Jung)

• Freud- subconsciousness/unconsciousness.. id, ego(fragile, DM) ,superego
• Jung- collective unconsciousness

Question 6

4th wave

Answer 6

Behavioral (Watson, Skinner, Pavlov)

- stimulus/ response, punishment/reward, reinforcement

Question 7

5th wave

Answer 7

Multiple perspective/ eclecticism: drawing from multiple perspectives/ approaches
- no “one way” at looking at psych

Question 8

explain beliefs, significance, psychologists of 8 approaches (bio-psych NvN)

Answer 8

-explain human thought/behavior
-reaction to what is happening to your brain (anatomy)
FOCUSES ON NATURE(born w/inherited) NOT NURTURE(experience from birth and on)

Question 9

explain beliefs, significance, psychologists of 8 approaches (behavioral genetics)

Answer 9

Analysis of how learning occurs based upon reward & punishment. (John Watson + B.F. Skinner)

Question 10

explain beliefs, significance, psychologists of 8 approaches (evolutionary/Darwinian)

Answer 10

How the natural selection of traits promoted the survival of genes. (Charles Darwin)

Question 11

explain beliefs, significance, psychologists of 8 approaches (psychoanalytical/psychodynamic)

Answer 11

Based on the belief that childhood experiences greatly influence the development of later personality traits & psychological problems. From Sigmund Freud’s work. (Unconscious Forces)

Question 12

explain beliefs, significance, psychologists of 8 approaches (cognitive)

Answer 12

Focuses on how we process, store,& use information. Sigmund Freud- concerned w individuals and their mental problems (id ego superego DM)

Question 13

explain beliefs, significance, psychologists of 8 approaches (behavioral)

Answer 13

Analysis of how learning occurs based on reward & punishment. (John Watson + B.F. Skinner)

Question 14

explain beliefs, significance, psychologists of 8 approaches (humanistic)

Answer 14

studying consciousness, free will, idiv. choice, and awareness of human condition
Developed in part as a result of Abraham Maslow’s dissatisfaction with psychoanalysis & behaviorism.
(Self-Direct, Uniqueness, Potential to develop)

Question 15

explain beliefs, significance, psychologists of 8 approaches (sociocultural)

Answer 15

Studies the influence of cultural & ethnic similarities & differences.

Question 16

experimental research

Answer 16

The prime method of inquiry in science is the experiment. … An experiment is an investigation in which a hypothesis is scientifically tested. In an experiment, an independent variable (the cause) is manipulated and the dependent variable (the effect) is measured; any extraneous variables are controlled.

Question 17

correlational research

Answer 17

It determines if a relationship exists between two or more variables, and if so, to what degree the relationship occurs.

Question 18

clinical research

Answer 18

intensive psychological studies of a single individual

Question 19

LONGitudinal research

Answer 19

over a long period of time w same subjects

Question 20

Cross-sectional research

Answer 20

test a wide array of subjects from diff backgrounds to increase generalizability

Question 21

Ind. variable

Answer 21

manipulated/changed variable

Question 22

Dep. variable

Answer 22

whats measured

Question 23

experimental group

Answer 23

receiving/reacting to ind. variable

Question 24

sampling bias

Answer 24

Sampling Bias refers to errors that can occur in research studies by not properly selecting participants for the study.

Question 25

single blind

Answer 25

the subjects do not know whether they're in control or experimental group

Question 26

double blind

Answer 26

niether subject nor researcher know who is in the two groups

Question 27

descriptive statistics

Answer 27

-summarize describe data | conclusions of data not made

Question 28

ethics in research

Answer 28

informing participants of the nature of the experiment might bias results

Question 29

Milgram experiment

Answer 29

obedience experiment which convinced participants that they were "shocking someone w electricity" when they really weren't. they had to push a button when told to.