Unit 4- continued Flashcards

Question

Introverting

Answer 1

I: Is energized by their internal world

Answer 2

S: Focuses on facts and reality

Answer 3

N: Decides according to objectives, logical principles

Answer 4

T: Makes objective, impersonal decisions

Answer 5

F: Decides according to personal values

Answer 6

J: Wants things settled and decided

Answer 7

P: Wants things left open and flexible

Answer 8

SJs are motivated by a need to be responsible in whatever social group they are in, whether it be the family, the workplace or the community. They value tradition. How to deal with an SJ: express regret if you’ve done something wrong, appreciate their thoroughness, loyalty, and willingness to take responsibility and handle practical details, try to have things run smoothly, honor your commitments, don’t take advantage of them, respect their sense of tradition and social order, be specific and practical, don’t force them into new ways of doing things Tips for SJs: Avoid getting stuck in a rut, beware of taking too much control, remember there is more than one right way to live, be tolerant of new ideas and theories, don’t rule out ideas because you think they are unrealistic, enjoy the moment, try to be spontaneous, learn to ask for help and delegate work

Answer 9

SPs are motivated by a need for freedom and need to act. They value living in the moment. How to deal with an SP: Appreciate their enthusiasm, optimism, common sense, realism and ability to deal with a crisis, join them in their adventures, give them freedom, when giving them a request give them choices and alternatives, don’t try to change them or tell them what to do, avoid over analyzing/processing of feelings, don’t overwhelm them Tips for SPs: Develop persistence and follow through, beware of your tendency to make short cuts, finish what you start, avoid making quick decisions, spend time considering what is important to you, know your goals/priorities, beware of your tendency to distract yourself to avoid problems, remember the promises you made, deal with all problems, learn to enjoy deeper and quieter aspects in life, not just the highs and excitement

Answer 10

NTs are motivated by a need for knowledge and competency. They value the theoretical and powers of the mind. How to deal with an NT: Respect their need for independence and autonomy, develop your own interests/don’t rely on them for all of your companionship, don’t smother or be overly dependent, when communicating try not to overwhelm them with your feelings, don’t take their remarks personally Tips for NTs: Make time for loved ones, don’t take them for granted, learn to listen, avoid overanalyzing, being overly critical- sometime people just want to be heard, not have their problems solved, learn to express your emotional side, notice the effect your behavior has on people, when people react defensively or withdraw from you, you are intimidating them

Answer 11

NFs are motivated by a need to understand themselves and others. They value authenticity and integrity and strive for an ideal world. How to deal with a NF: They enjoy romance and attention, appreciate them, reassure them if they say no, you will not reject them or be angry with them, be tactful when offering feedback (they are sensitive to disapproval, rejection, sarcasm, teasing), encourage them to follow their pursuits and to put their work out in the world, be understanding and patient about their need to process and express their feelings, don’t judge them for their changing moods Tips for NFs: look for work that fits your ideals and interests, make sure it allows you to express yourself, avoid taking every comment personally, remember people are human and are a mix of good and bad, don’t let your expectations be too unrealistic, be aware of blaming others or finding fault with them when they don’t meet your expectations, avoid being overly involved in other peoples lives, don’t project you ideal qualities onto others, discern between what is actually communicated, not just what is in between the lines, set realistic goals so you don’t feel frustrated or disappointed when you don’t accomplish what you hoped for, wallowing in guilt is a waste of time

Answer 12

Assumption that we develop and behave from impulses or needs that are unknown to us/hidden forces Oedipus Crisis: Boys sexually desire their mother and view their fathers as rivals for her love Electra crisis: Girls desire their fathers and view their mother as a rival for their father love. Kid has a traumatic toilet training: Anal expulsive personality: person is messy and disorganized Anal retentive: meticulously neat, hyper organized, and a bit compulsive Fixation in the Phallic Stage (ages 3-5) can lead to being hyper sexually aggressive or filled with sexual inadequacies Ego creates defense mechanisms: Repression: blocking thoughts from conscious awareness Denial: Non acceptance of the truth Displacement: Redirecting ones feelings toward another person or object- especially one that is less threatening Projection: believing that the feelings one truly has toward someone else are actually held by the other person and directed at oneself Reaction Formation: expressing he opposite of how one truly feels Regression: returning to a earlier comforting form of behavior Rationalization: coming up with a beneficial result of an undesirable occurrence Intellectualization: undertaking a academic, unemotional study of a topic Sublimation: Channeling frustration towards a goal Instincts: Eros (life) and Thanatos (death). Libido is the energy that drives life instincts. Carl Jung: Doubts Freud’s beliefs and pushes the idea that the unconscious is a mix of mystical and religious beliefs that controls our behavior Instead of being guided by the unconscious, we are controlled by beliefs that we inherit as a society—what beliefs our society pushes will help form the attitudes we as people hold

Answer 13

Social Psychoanalytical: Unconscious mind and social learning shapes personality Karen Horney: believes humans feel helpless, anxious and list in life around the issues of getting love A person who does now receive love will always be anxious and afraid Need social interaction for development Alfred Adler: believes that biggest problem people face is trying to feel important and worthwhile to people People will constantly struggle to make themselves look better which will then dominate and control their life Erik Erikson: Believes life is set up into 8 stages and in each of these 8 stages, social interaction will shape personality George Kelly: Personal Construct Theory People in their attempts to understand the world develop their own social constructs (pairs of opposites – smart and dumb/fair and unfair) Behavior is based on how people interpret the world. Personal behavior is influenced by their cognitions and that by knowing how people behaved in the past, we can predict how they will act in the future.

Answer 14

Behaviorism: Personality has nothing to do with the unconscious, but focuses on stimulus/response, rewards/punishments and social behaviorism How you were taught/trained in your environment John B Watson: Little Albert and Emotional Conditioning B.F. Skinner: Reinforcements Albert Bandura: Bobo Doll experiment

Answer 15

Humanistic: Emphasizes that a person has positive potential and good qualities This theory makes it hard to explain why people commit terrible acts. Carl Rogers: Believes we try to live up to our “ideal self” – get close to perfection Abraham Maslow: Hierarchy of needs Believed that people are innately good and require things from their interactions with others. People need unconditional positive regard: “blanket acceptance” – always feel loved and accepted. Once needs are met at the bottom of the list, they move forward Both Rodgers and Maslow believed in Self Actualization: idea that people are motivated to reach their full potential

Answer 16

Biological theories: Genes, chemicals, neurotransmitters, lobe development determine who a person is Often debatable. Some traits can be traced (physical ones: height) but what of others like intelligence or temperament? Nature vs. Nurture

Answer 17

Extraversion: how you are energized Agreeableness: how easy is it to get along with someone Conscientiousness: how hardworking, organized and responsible a person is Openness to Experience: creativity, curiosity and wiliness to try new things Emotional stability: consistency of mood