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Psychology > Unit 2 - Your body is a Wonderland > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Your body is a Wonderland Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Excitatory/Inhibitory
Ex/In to allow movement
Memory, motivation, sleep, sexual performance, alertness, appetite control
Release of growth hormone

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2
Q

Endorphins

A

Inhibitory
Inhibits things that make you stressed/unhappy and cause you pain
Helps you hibernate

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3
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Excitatory/Inhibitory
Excites emotions, dreams, waking, energy, sexual arousal, happiness, and motivation
Associated w memory especially daily events
Fight or Flight

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4
Q

Oxytocin

A

Excitatory/Inhibitory
Excites sex drive/ emotional attachment
Inhibits things that make you feel sad.

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5
Q

Serotonin

A

Inhibitory
Inhibits depression/ worrying/ cravings
Deals w moods, emotional stability, self-confidence, pain tolerance, and quality of sleep

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6
Q

GABA

A

Inhibitory
Inhibits anxiety, pain, panic, and negative emotions, things that distract you.
Promotes relaxation, control, and focus

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7
Q

Glutamate

A

Excitatory
Memory
Too much kills other neurons (toxic)

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8
Q

Melatonin

A

Inhibitory
Inhibits again and what makes you feel unrested
Rest, recuperation, regulates body clock

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9
Q

Phenylethylamine

A

Inhibitory
Inhibits what makes you feel “unattractive” or upset
Feelings of bliss/ infatuation
“feel good” Euphoria

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10
Q

Enkephalins

A

Inhibitory
Inhibits transmission of pain
Reduces unnecessary appetite cravings/depressed moods

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11
Q

Dopamine

A

Excitatory/ Inhibitory
Deals w pleasure seeking, bliss and euphoria
MOOD LIFTER
Reward
Controls muscles, movements, alertness, focus, and appetite
Triggers excitement/ rapid decision making

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12
Q

What is the Dopamine Reward System?

A

Most drugs of abuse directly or indirectly target the brain’s reward system by flooding the circuit with dopamine.
Might be seen in behavioral changes

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13
Q

Hemispheres

A

Each hemisphere controls the other side of the body- the left controls movements and sensations of the right side of body/ vice versa

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14
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Halfway down the two hemispheres, there are fibers called corpus callosum
several million nerves fibers help each side communicate and transmit info.

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15
Q

Hindbrain

A

supports our life system; controls basic biological functions that keep us alive

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16
Q

HB: Cerebellum

A

Responsible for balance/ posture

controls muscle movements/ tone

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17
Q

HB: Medulla

A

basic life functions
breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure, coughing etc
responsible for sending messages from brain to spinal cord

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18
Q

HB: Pons

A

Control of facial expressions

sends sensory info between cerebrum and cerebellum

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19
Q

HB: Reticular Formation (RAS)

A

Collection of cells throughout the midbrain that controls general body arousal/ ability to focus our attention
regulates how alert/sleepy we are

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20
Q

Midbrain

A

coordinates simple movements w sensory info

ties sensory info w movements

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21
Q

Reticular Activating System

A

Netlike collection of cells throughout the midbrain that controls general body arousal and the ability to focus our attention

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22
Q

Forebrain

A

controls thought and reason

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23
Q

FB: Hippocampus

A

main functions include spatial awareness, memory formation, and recall

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24
Q

FB: Limbic System

A

Limbic System is involved in instinctive behaviors and reactions deep-seated emotions, and basic impulses such as sex, anger, pleasure, general survival and long-term memory

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25
FB: Thalamus
Responsible for receiving the sensory signals from the spinal cord and sending them to the appropriate areas in the rest of the forebrain.
26
FB: Hypothalamus
Plays a role in conscious behavior: emotions and instincts and automatic control of body systems and processes.
27
FB: Amygdala
Vital to experiences of emotion, especially in the expression of anger and frustration
28
FB: Cerebral Cortex
outer "gray matter" that covers the hemispheres largely responsible for higher brain functions (lobes) ex. movement, thought, memory.
29
Frontal lobe
Located right under forehead | Involved in tracking of thoughts, sense of self, memory motor habit activity, decision making etc
30
FL: Prefrontal Cortex
Directs thought process. Acts as brain's central executive
31
FL: Broca's Area
Responsible for controlling the muscles involved in producing speech
32
FL: Motor Strip
Band running down the side of frontal lobe that sends signals to our muscles, controlling voluntary muscles *Thought Process*
33
FL: Frontal association area
integrates personality, forms complex thoughts, engages in elaborate metal connections. helps make sense of your environment
34
Temporal lobe:
located on the side of head above the ears deals w intellect (reasoning/understanding) memory, auditory/ visual perception, long-term memory,
35
TL: Primary Audio cortex:
Controls basic hearing/processes sound and how you respond emotionally to sound
36
TL: Wernicke's Area:
Interprets written and spoken speech | *damage would affect ability to understand language
37
Parietal lobe:
Located near back top of head visual/touch perception object manipulation interprets sensory info
38
PL: Sensory Cortex
receives incoming touch sensations
39
Occipital lobe
located at the back of the head visual perception/color recognition sends info to parietal and temporal
40
OL: primary visual cortex
helps you see/interpret lines, shapes, color, movement
41
CNS
brain/spinal cord neurons extend to the spinal cord nerves/spine send info to and from brain and PNS
42
PNS
all other nerves of the body | subdivided into the somatic nervous system: voluntary movement of large skeletal muscles
43
ANS:
controls nonskeletal or smooth muscles- not voluntary control
44
sympathetic
burning energy | fight or flight
45
parasympathetic
conserving energy | helps you come down/ back to homeostasis after the body is active
46
endocrine system:
a system of all glands and their chemical messages
47
hormones
chemical regulators that control bodily processes such as emotional responses, growth, and sexuality
48
sensation
the process of receiving info from the environment (your senses)
49
perception:
assembling/ organizing the sensory information to make it meaningful.
50
transduction
signals transformed into neural impulses
51
absolute threshold
level of sensory stimulation necessary for sensation to occur
52
adaptation
gradual loss of attention to unneeded/unwanted sensory info.
53
sensory habituation
decreasing responsiveness to stimuli that is constant | ex not feeling the shoes on feet
54
cocktail party phenomenon
ability to focus auditory attention on a particular stimulus while filtering out the other stimuli
55
3 perceptional theories?
single detection theory, top-down processing, bottom-up processing
56
Single detection theory
investigates distractions and interferences we experience as we perceive the world
57
False +
when we think we perceive a stimulus that is not really there
58
False -
not perceiving a stimulus when it is present.
59
top-down processing
we perceive by filling in the gaps we sense
60
schemata
mental representations of how we expect the world | perceive something in a certain way
61
bottom-up processing
use only features of the object itself to build a complete perception
62
Extra Sensory perception
belief that one can have perceptual experience without any sensory input

Psychology (5 decks)

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