Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Chemistry > Unit 10 > Flashcards

Unit 10 Flashcards

(53 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are properties of acids?

A
  1. excess of hydrogen ions, H+
  2. pH below 7
  3. sour taste
  4. corrosive and poisonous
  5. react with active metals (activity series)
  6. neutralize bases
  7. turns blue litmus paper red
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are properties of bases?

A
  1. excess of hydroxide ions, OH-
  2. pH above 7
  3. bitter taste
  4. caustic (burns the skin)
  5. slippery
  6. neutralize acids
  7. turns red litmus paper blue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some examples of strong acids?

A
  1. HCl (hydrochloric/stomach acid)
  2. H₂SO₄ (sulfuric/car battery acid)
  3. Hl (hydroiodic acid)
  4. HNO₃ (nitric acid-used to make bombs/munitions)
  5. HClO₄ (perchloric acid)
  6. HBr (hydrobromic acid)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some examples of weak acids?

A
  1. Citric Acid (citrus fruits)
  2. Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)
  3. Acetic Acid (HC₂H₃O₂-Vinegar)
  4. Formic Acid (ant/bee stings)
  5. Acetylsalicylic Acid (aspirin)
  6. Carbonic Acid (H₂CO₃-all carbonated beverages)
  7. Tartaric Acid (grapes)
  8. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
  9. Lactic Acid (milk/sore muscles)
  10. Phosphoric Acid (H₃PO₄-dark-colored carbonated drinks)
  11. Tannic Acid (tea)
  12. Malic Acid (apples)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Strong acids will ________ _______ in water. Weak acids do not.

A

completely ionize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some acids commonly used in industry?

A
  1. HCl: used to “pickle”/cure steel
  2. HNO₃: explosives
  3. H₂SO₄: car batteries
  4. HClO₄: cure steel
  5. H₃PO₄: fertilizers
  6. HC₂H₃O₂: make plastics/tape (vinegar)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

acids that contain oxygen, such as sulfuric acid

A

Oxyacid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

acids that contain a hydrogen and one other element, such as HCl

A

Binary Acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some examples of strong bases?

A

(✩Made from some of the metals of Groups I and II)

  1. NaOH (“lye” used in drain cleaners/unclog drains)
  2. KOH
  3. LiOH
  4. Ca(OH)₂ (used to remove hair from cow hide before tanning)
  5. RbOH
  6. CsOH
  7. Sr(OH)₂
  8. Ba(OH)₂
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some examples of weak bases?

A
  1. Mg(OH)₂: magnesium hydroxide (laxative)
  2. NaClO: sodium hypochlorite (bleach)
  3. NH₃: ammonia (glass cleaner/fertilizer)
  4. CaO: Lime (a fertilizer; also used to create “limelight” when burned at night)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

According to Svante Arrhenius, acids are substances that, when placed in water, __________________________________. Bases produce an excess of ____________________.

A

the amount of hydrogen ions increases; hydroxide ions (increase the hydroxide concentration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

According to the Lewis theory of acids and bases, a Lewis Acid is a species that will ______ a lone pair of electrons. Lewis bases will ______ a lone pair of electrons.

A

accept, donate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Strong acids will ionized completely to produce the _________ ion when mixed with water.

A

hydronium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The Bronsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases says that acids are ______ ______ and bases are ______ _________.

A

proton (H+) donors, proton (H+) acceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Water can be classified as both an ____ or a ____ under the Bronsted-Lowry theory. This is termed ___________ or ___________.

A

acid or a base, Amphoteric or Amphoprotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

acids that have ONE ______ that they are capable of losing during ionization.

A

Monoprotic Acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

acids that have TWO or MORE _______ that they can lose at a time. (ex. sulfuric acid)

A

Polyprotic Acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

formed from the gain of a proton

A

Conjugate Acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

formed from the loss of a proton

A

Conjugate Bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the process which occurs when an acid is added to a base. It produces a salt and water.

A

Neutralization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A salt forms from the ________ ___ of a base and the ________ ___ of an acid

A

positive ion, negative ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is an example of a basic salt with a pH above 7?

Study These Flashcards
A

Sodium Bicarbonate/Baking soda

23
Q

strong acid + strong base =

24
Q

strong acid + weak base =

25
weak acid + strong base =
basic salt
26
pH is a measure of the ______________________________.
negative log of hydrogen ion concentration
27
pH scale is from _ to __.
0 to 14
28
_ is a very strong acid, __ is a very strong base, and _ is neutral.
0, 14, and 7
29
pOH is the measure of the ___________ concentration in a substance. 14= pH + pOH
Hydroxide
30
a process in which a measured amount of a solution of _______ concentration is added to a quantity of a solution of ___________ concentration. The point at which the solution is neutralized is the endpoint. the endpoint is signaled by a change in the ______ of the liquid indication that has been added to it.
Titration, known, unknown, color
31
a substance which changes color in a certain pH range
Indicator
32
Indicator that was used in lab that is colorless in acid, baby pink at the end point (or equivalence point), and magenta when the pH is around 10.
Phenolphthalein
33
The _______ ______ allows you to calculate the concentration of the unknown.
titration formula
34
Oxidation is the ____ of valence electrons. Most ______ undergo oxidation. Iron will ____, silver will _______.
loss, metals, rust, tarnish
35
Since electrons are negative, the element becomes __________ charged when losing valence electrons.
positively
36
Reduction is the ____ of valence electrons. Most _________ will undergo reduction.
gain, nonmetals
37
If you have _ or less valence electrons, the element will usually undergo oxidation. _ to _ valence electrons will usually undergo reduction.
3, 5 to 7
38
If you have oxidation, you must have ________.
reduction
39
Oxidation is ____.
loss
40
Reduction is ____.
gain
41
a device in which a chemical reaction either produces or is carried out by an electric current.
Electrochemical Cell
42
an electrochemical cell that uses electrical current to drive an otherwise non spontaneous reaction
Electrolytic Cell
43
a gel or piece of paper soaked in a salt like potassium chloride is an example of a ____ ______. This allows ions to be exchanged but does not allow the two solutions to ___.
salt bridge, mix
44
In an electrochemical cell, such as a battery, reduction occurs at the _______ and oxidation occurs at the _____.
cathode, anode
45
If a Redox reaction occurs spontaneously and produces an electrical current, it is called _______ or ________.
Voltaic or Galvanic
46
the amount of energy you can get from a battery (maximum) is stated in _____, (unit of electricity named after __________ _____ who developed the first but crude battery).
volts, Alessandro Volta
47
found in a lot of batteries but don't do well in COLD weather
Zn-C dry cell
48
uses a paste of potassium hydroxide in addition to the items mentioned in the Zn-C cell. Performs better in cold weather.
Alkaline Battery
49
Ni-Cd battery is ____________.
rechargeable
50
battery used in pacemakers because of their low voltage and their ability to last up to 10 years (rechargeable, ex. cell phones)
Lithium-iodine
51
car battery
Lead Storage Battery
52
liquid hydrogen and oxygen used in spacecraft
fuel cell
53
nonspontaneous reactions are called ____________ cells. These cells require a current for them to work. (Ex.: electroplating metals)
electrolytic

Chemistry (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions