Unit 9

Question 1

a homogeneous mixture of two or more aqueous compounds

Answer 1

solution

Question 2

substance being dissolved

Answer 2

solute

Question 3

substance doing the dissolving

Answer 3

solvent

Question 4

a solution in which the particles of un-dissolved solute are so large that they settle out to the bottom of the container (ex. milk)

Answer 4

suspension

Question 5

a solution in which the particles are so small that they do not settle out but you can see them floating around in the solution (ex. muddy water)

Answer 5

colloid

Question 6

when you shine a light from a flashlight, search light or some sort of beam of light (sun) through a colloid, you can see the beam because it bounces off of the particles in the colloid. If it is a solution, no beam will be seen. (ex. lights at night in a swimming pool)

Answer 6

The Tyndall Effect

Question 7

What is the most common solvent?

Answer 7

Water

Question 8

the molecule is asymmetrical, and the charges are separated

Answer 8

Polar

Question 9

the molecule is symmetrical and will not dissolve in water (ex. gasoline, waxes, oil, etc.)

Answer 9

Nonpolar

Question 10

If two substances will dissolve in each other (oil and gasoline), they are considered ________.

Answer 10

Miscible

Question 11

If two substances will not dissolve in each other

Answer 11

Immiscible

Question 12

when a solution breaks apart into ions and conducts an electric current, like table salt or sulfuric acid

Answer 12

Electrolytes

Question 13

What are three ways to dissolve a solute?

Answer 13

1. Agitate the mixture by stirring or some other mechanical method
2. Heat the solvent
3. Increase the surface area of the solute

Question 14

very little solute, lots of solvent

Answer 14

unsaturated

Question 15

almost equal amounts of solute and solvent, a little solute can be seen at the bottom of the container after stirring

Answer 15

saturated

Question 16

so much solute that there is a lot at the bottom after a lot of stirring/heating

Answer 16

supersaturated

Question 17

the amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solute in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature. (MOST of the time, heating the solvent increases solubility but there are times when heating actually decreases solubility. )

Answer 17

Solubility

Question 18

When you increase the pressure on a gas above a liquid, you increase the solubility of that gas in that liquid. When you increase the temperature, the gas escapes (molecules pull away from each other) ex. carbonated beverages

Answer 18

Henry’s Law

Question 19

the rapid escape of a gas from a liquid in which it has been dissolved

Answer 19

Effervescence

Question 20

the attraction of the surface of a liquid to the surface of a solid. This occurs in plants.

Answer 20

Capillary Action

Question 21

a force that tends to pull adjacent parts of a liquid’s surface together, decreasing the surface area (allows water bugs to walk on water)

Answer 21

Surface Tension

Question 22

states that a system of equilibrium, when subjected to a stress, shifts in a direction that will relieve the stress on the system. Stress to a system includes changing the temperature, adding or removing reactant or product, etc. (shaking a coke and opening the bottle)

Answer 22

LeChatelier’s Principle

Question 23

the change in phase from a sold directly to a gas without going through the liquid phase (ex. dry ice)

Answer 23

Sublimation

Question 24

when like molecules are attracted to each other (ex. mercury/aluminum coins floating on water)

Answer 24

Cohesion

Question 25

when molecules that are not alike come in contact with each other

Answer 25

Adhesion

Question 26

moles of solute per kilogram of solvent (m)

Answer 26

Molality

Question 27

moles of solute per Liter of solution (M)

Answer 27

Molarity

Question 28

properties depending only on the amount of the solute, not the identity of the solute

Answer 28

Colligative Properties

Question 29

solutes that do not affect the boiling or freezing point of the solution because they leave the solution

Answer 29

Volatile solutes

Question 30

Boiling point always goes __ and freezing point always goes ____ when a solute dissolves in a pure solvent.

Answer 30

up, down