Unit 10- Endocrine System Vocab

Question 1

outer layer of the adrenal glands, which itself has three layers that secrete steroid hormones

Answer 1

adrenal cortex

Question 2

the part of the adrenal glands that function as a part of the nervous system; it secretes the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine (catecholamines) during the fight or flight response

Answer 2

adrenal medulla

Question 3

tropic hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that acts on the adrenal cortex to stimulate release of steroid hormones

Answer 3

adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)

Question 4

the principal mineralocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex; stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb sodium and water from urine and to eliminate potassium

Answer 4

aldosterone

Question 5

male sex hormones

Answer 5

androgens

Question 6

hormone produced in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary; decreases urine output by stimulating the kidneys to increase water reabsorption

Answer 6

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 7

hormone produced and released by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland that helps maintain calcium homeostasis

Answer 7

calcitonin

Question 8

the chief neurohormone of the adrenal medulla that is used as a heart stimulant, a vasoconstrictor (which narrows the blood vessels), and a bronchodilator (which relaxes the bronchial tubes in the lungs).

Answer 8

epinephrine

Question 9

female sex hormones

Answer 9

estrogens

Question 10

tropic hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates production of estrogen and eggs in women and production of sperm in men

Answer 10

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 11

hormone secreted by alpha cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas; increases blood glucose levels by causing the breakdown of glycogen stored in the liver

Answer 11

glucagon

Question 12

nontropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary that is responsible for growth and development of the muscles, cartilage, and long bones of the body

Answer 12

growth hormone (GH)

Question 13

chemical messengers secreted by the endocrine glands

Answer 13

hormones

Question 14

a hormone that promotes glucose uptake in body tissues; hormone secreted by beta cells in the pancreas that lower blood glucose levels

Answer 14

insulin

Question 15

condition in which the pH of the blood is decreased, making the blood dangerously acidic; results from using fats for fuel, which produces ketone bodies in the blood

Answer 15

ketoacidosis

Question 16

tropic hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates the ovaries to produce progesterone and estrogen and the release of eggs in women; in men, it stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to produce testosterone

Answer 16

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 17

hormone produced by the pineal gland that causes sleepiness

Answer 17

melatonin

Question 18

hormone produced in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary; facilitates childbirth and causes the mammary glands to secrete breast milk

Answer 18

oxytocin

Question 19

hormone produced by the parathyroid glands that works with calcitonin to maintain calcium homeostasis

Answer 19

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 20

hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates the growth of mammary glands and milk production in women; it is also present in men but its purpose is unknown

Answer 20

prolactin

Question 21

hormone produced by the thymus that is essential for the development of white blood cells called T lymphocytes, or T cells

Answer 21

thymosin

Question 22

tropic hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that acts on the thyroid gland to stimulate release of two thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)

Answer 22

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 23

pituitary hormones that act on other endocrine glands, tropins

Answer 23

tropic hormones