Unit 9 - Vocab

Question 1

immunity in which the blood plasma cells in the body make antibodies as a result of previous exposure to a disease or a vaccine

Answer 1

active immunity

Question 2

a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that may include airway obstruction and very low blood pressure

Answer 2

anaphylaxis

Question 3

cells that process protein antigens and present them on their surface in a form that can be recognized by lymphocytes (WBCs)

Answer 3

antigen-presenting cells (APCs)

Question 4

a programmed process of cellular self-destruction (cell suicide)

Answer 4

apoptosis

Question 5

a condition in which the immune system attacks the body’s own tissue

Answer 5

autoimmune disorder

Question 6

lymphocytes that mature in the bone marrow before moving out to the blood and the rest of the body; also called B cells

Answer 6

B lymphocytes (B cells)

Question 7

immunity that arises from the activation of T lymphocytes (T cells) by antigen-presenting cells; cell-mediated immunity

Answer 7

cellular immunity

Question 8

repeated division of a lymphocyte that produces many exact genetic copies (clones) of itself

Answer 8

clonal selection

Question 9

proteins in the blood that work with immune system cells and antibodies to defend the body against infection

Answer 9

complement proteins

Question 10

immunity associated with free antibodies that circulates in the blood; antibody-mediated immunity

Answer 10

humoral immunity

Question 11

antibodies; proteins that recognize particular antigens with great specificity

Answer 11

immunoglobulins

Question 12

proteins released by cells that have been infected with viruses; interfere with virus reproduction

Answer 12

interferons

Question 13

chemical released by helper T cells and other cells that stimulate an immune response

Answer 13

interleukins

Question 14

fluid in the spaces between cells

Answer 14

interstitial fluid

Question 15

clear, transparent, sometimes faintly yellow fluid that is collected from tissues throughout the body and flows in the lymphatic vessels

Answer 15

lymph

Question 16

small, bean-shaped structures found along the lymphatic vessels throughout the body

Answer 16

lymph nodes

Question 17

cells that phagocytize (surround and destroy) foreign cells, such as bacteria and viruses

Answer 17

macrophages

Question 18

family of proteins found on the surfaces of lymphocytes and other cells; help the immune system recognize foreign antigens and ignore “self” tissues

Answer 18

major histocompatibility complex glycoproteins (MHCs)

Question 19

lymphatic tissue found in mucous membranes that line passageways open to the outside world; these include the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, and reproductive tracts

Answer 19

mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)

Question 20

lymphocytes that play an important role in the nonspecific defense system of the body by killing virus-infected cells and cancer cells

Answer 20

natural killer (NK) cells

Question 21

immunity that comes from antibodies received from an outside source, such as breast milk

Answer 21

passive immunity

Question 22

disease-causing agents

Answer 22

pathogens

Question 23

the process by which a cell engulfs and destroys foreign matter and cellular debris

Answer 23

phagocytosis

Question 24

chemicals that tend to cause a fever by raising the set-point temperature of the neurons in the hypothalamus

Answer 24

pyrogens

Question 25

the largest lymphatic organ in the body, located in the abdomen below the diaphragm; filters blood and activates an immune response if necessary

Answer 25

spleen

Question 26

lymphocytes that complete their maturation in the thymus before they move out to the blood and the rest of the body; also called T cells

Answer 26

T lymphocytes (T cells)