Unit 10 PERSONALITY

Question 0

Free association

Answer 0

In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing.

-say whatever comes to mind

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

An individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking feeling and acting.

Question 2

Psychoanalysis

Answer 2

Frauds theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions.

-freuds theory of personality & associated treatment.

Question 3

Unconscious

Answer 3

According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists,information processing of which we are unaware.

• reservoir of unacceptable thoughts wishes, feelings, and memories.

Question 4

id

Answer 4

A reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. The id operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification.

• pleasure principle; satisfy sexual and aggressive drives immediately.

Question 5

Ego

Answer 5

The largely conscious, “executive” part of personality that, according to Freud, meditates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. The ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id’s desires in ways that it will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain.

-reality principle gratifies id’s desires.

Question 6

Superego

Answer 6

The part of personality that, according to Freud, represent the internalized ideals and provides standards for judgement (the conscious) and for future aspirations.

-moral standards of judgement w/ ego.

Question 7

Psychosexual stages

Answer 7

The childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to Freud, the id’s pleasure seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones(distinct areas of the body).

-stage where id focuses on erogenous zones

Question 8

Oedipus complex

Answer 8

according to Freud, a boys sexual desires towards his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father.

-boys desire for mom hate for dad

Question 9

Identification

Answer 9

The process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents’ values into their developing superegos.

-Child incorporating parents values to develop superego

Question 10

Fixation

Answer 10

according to Freud,a lingering focus on pleasure seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved.

-lingered focus on pleasure energies where conflict was unresolved.

Question 11

Defense mechanism

Answer 11

In psychoanalytic theory, the egos protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.

-protective methods to reduce anxiety.

Question 12

Repression

Answer 12

In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense defense mechanism that banishes anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness.

-Banishes anxiety thoughts feeling and memories

DM

Question 13

Regression

Answer 13

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated.

-DM to retreat to earlier stage in development. (Cling to mom)

Question 14

Reaction formation

Answer 14

Psychoanalytical defense mechanism by which the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable responses into their opposites. Thus, people may express feelings that are the opposite of their anxiety arousing unconscious feelings.

-DM switches unacceptable response to opposite (hate - love)

Question 15

Projection

Answer 15

Psychoanalytical defense defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others.

-DM
disguise threatening impulses (I don’t trust to he doesn’t trust)

Question 16

Rationalizing

Answer 16

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one’s actions.

-DM
rationalizes what is done
(I drink to be social)

Question 17

Displacement

Answer 17

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, as when redirecting anger toward a safer outlet

-DM repressed feelings may be displaced on something else

(yelling at friend)

Question 18

Sublimation

Answer 18

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people re-channel their unacceptable impulses into socially approved activities.

-DM
re-channeling unacceptable impulses to something acceptable

(davinci’s monalisa sublimation of repressed feelings)

Question 19

Denial

Answer 19

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people refuse to believe or even to perceive painful realities.

-DM refuse to believe; deny reality.

Question 20

Collective unconscious

Answer 20

Carl Jung’s concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species’ history.

-universal experiences/ memories

Question 21

Project test

Answer 21

A personality test, such as the Rorschach or TAT, that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of ones inner dynamics.

-personality test describe stimuli or tell story

Question 22

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Answer 22

A projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes.

-view picture and tell story

Question 23

Rorschach inkblot test

Answer 23

The most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorschach; seek to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations if the blots.

-view inkblots and describe what is seen.

Question 24

Terror management theory

Answer 24

A theory of death related anxiety; explores people’s emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death.

• thinking of death provokes terror defenses

Question 25

Self- actualization

Answer 25

According to Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and phycological needs are met and self esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill ones potential.

-fulfilling potential

Question 26

Unconditional positive regard

Answer 26

According to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance towards another person.

-total acceptance

Question 27

Self concept

Answer 27

All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, “who am I?”

-Feelings towards who am I

Question 28

Trait

Answer 28

A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports.

-Pattern of behavior

Question 29

Personality inventor

Answer 29

A questionnaire (often w/ true false or agree disagree items) on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to asses selected personality traits.

• questions on feeling and behavior

Question 30

Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI)

Answer 30

The most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders (still considered its most appropriate use), this test is now used for many other screening purposes.

-most widely used personality test

Question 31

Empirically derived test

Answer 31

A test (such as the MMPI) developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups.

-pool of items chose ones tht descriminate

Question 32

Social-cognitive perspective

Answer 32

Views behavior as influenced by the interaction between people’s traits (including their thinking) and their social context.

• behavior influenced by traits

Question 33

Reciprocal determinism

Answer 33

The interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment.

-behavior, internal and envio.

Question 34

Personal control

Answer 34

The extent to which people perceive control over their environment rather than feeling helpless.

-they are in control

Question 35

External locus of control

Answer 35

The perception that chance or outside forces beyond your personal control determine your fate.

-influenced by outer forces

Question 36

Internal locus of control

Answer 36

The perception that you control your own fate

-you control your fate

Question 37

Positive psychology

Answer 37

The scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individual and communities to thrive.

-promoting positivity

Question 38

Self

Answer 38

In contemporary psychology, assumed to be the center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions.

-center of personalitu

Question 39

Spotlight effect

Answer 39

Overestimating others’ noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders (as if we presume a spotlight shines on us).

-everyone sees you

Question 40

Self-esteem

Answer 40

Ones feelings of high or low self-worth.

Question 41

Self-serving bias

Answer 41

A readiness to perceive oneself favorably.

Question 42

Individualism

Answer 42

Giving priority to ones own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications.

-importance to ones self

Question 43

Collectivism

Answer 43

Giving priority to the goals of ones group (often ones extended family or work group) and defining ones identity accordingly.

-importance to group