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Anatomy class > Unit 11: Lower limb > Flashcards

Unit 11: Lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two surfaces of the foot?

A

Dorsum
Plantar (bottom - step on plants)

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2
Q

What does pollicis refer to?

A

Thumb

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3
Q

What does the term hallucis refer to?

A

big toe

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4
Q

What is the anatomical term for the litter finger/toe?

A

Digiti minimi

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5
Q

What does profundus mean in anatomical term?

A

Deep

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6
Q

What is the difference between hyerpextension and extension of the hip?

A

Extension - moving to the posterior aspect from anterior to the midline
Hyperextension - moving posteriorly to the midline.

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7
Q

What is the difference between plant flexion and dorsiflexion of the foot?

A

Plantar flexion - downwards as if stepping on plants
Dorsiflexion - upwards

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8
Q

What is the difference between inversion and eversion of the foot?

A

Inversion - plantar surface to midline
Eversion - plantar surface to lateral side

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9
Q

What is the fibre direction of the gluteus maximus?

A

Laterally and inferiorotly from the illiac crest
Then follows down the iliotibial tract.

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10
Q

What ist he role of gluteus maximus?

A

Extension of the hip
Lateral extension of the hip

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11
Q

What is the function of the gluteus medius and minimus?

A

Abduction
Maintains stability of hip joint (prevents hip joint - relevant to trendelenburgs sign)

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12
Q

What is the innervation of the gluteal muscles?

A

Maximus - inferior gluteal nerve
Minimus and medius - superior gluteal nerve.

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13
Q

What are the deep gluteal muscles?

A

Piriformis muscle
Superior gemellus muscle
Obturator internus muscle
Inferior gemellus muscle
Quadratus femoris muscle.

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14
Q

What is piriformis syndrome?

A

Compression of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle

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15
Q

What muscles make up the superficial gluteal compartment?

A

The gluteus maximus
The gluteus medius
The gluteus minimus

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16
Q

What inervates the gluteus maximus muscle?

A

The inferior gluteal nerve

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17
Q

What innervates the glutesu medius and gluteus maximus?

A

The superior gluteal nerve

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18
Q

What is the function of the gluteus medius and the gluteus maxmius?

A

Abducuts femur
Prevents pelvic drop on the contrlateral side
Medially rotates the thigh

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19
Q

What is the function of gluteus maximus?

A

Powerful extensor of the femur
Lateral stabiliser
Laterally rotates and abducuts the thigh

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20
Q

What muscles make up the deep gluteal compartment?

A

Pirirformis
Superior gemellus
Obturator internus
Inferior gemeluus
Quadratus femoris

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21
Q

What innervates the deep gluteal muscles?

A

Branches the lumbar-sacral plexus
From L5 to S1

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22
Q

What is the function of the deep muscles of the gluteal region?

A

Laterally rotate and extend the hip
Abducuts flexed femur at the hip joint

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23
Q

What muscles make up the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Semitendinosus
Semimembranous
Biceps femoris (found laterally)

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24
Q

What innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Sciatic nerve L4 to S3

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25
What is the function of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Flexion of the knee Extension of the hip
26
What muscles are found in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
The quadricpes muscles The vastus medialis/lateralis and intermedialis The rectus femoris Illiacus Psoas major Sartorius
27
What innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh?
The femoral nerve L2,3,4
28
What is the function of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Flexion of the hip (some only) Extension of the knee
29
What muscles are found in the medial compartment of the thigh?
Adductor longus, brevis, magnus Gracilis, pectineus, obturator externus
30
What innervates the medial compartment of the thigh?
L2,3,4
31
What is the function of the medial compartment of the thigh?
Adduction of the hip joint Medial rotates the thigh
32
What are the additional functions of the medial compartments of the thigh?
Adductor magnus - contributes to posterior compartment, also aids in flexion of the thigh Obturator externus aids in lateral rotion of the thigh Gracilis - flexion of the knee.
33
What muscles are found in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Extensor digitorum longus Tibilias anterior Extensor hallucis longus Fibularis tertius
34
What are the muscles found in the lateral compartment of the leg?
Fibularis longus Fibularis brevis
35
What are the muscles found in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?
Gastrocenmius Plantaris Soleus
36
What are the muscles found in teh deep posterior compartment of the leg?
Tibialis posterior Flexor hallucis longus Flexor digitorum longus Poplitues muscle
37
What is the function of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg>
EDL - extend digitis and dorsiflexion of the foot TA - dorsiflexion and support medial arch, inversion EHL - extend hallucis and dorsifelxion FT - dorsiflexion and eversion
38
What inervates the anterior compartment of the leg?
The deep fibular nerve (L4 to S1)
39
What is the function of the lateral compartment of the leg?
Eversion of the foot Fibularis longus also contributes to supporting the medial arch of the foot
40
What innervates the lateral compartment of the leg?
Superficial fibular nerve L5-S2
41
What is the function of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?
Plantar flexion foot
42
What is the innervation of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?
The tibila nerve S1-S2
43
What is the function of the deep posterior compartment of the leg?
TP - inversion, plantar felxion, support medial arch when walking FH - flex hallucis FD - flex four lateral toes P - stabilises and unlocks the knee
44
What is the innervation to the deep posterior compartment of the leg?
Tibial nerve to L4 to S3
45
What are the main groups of bones in the foot?
Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges
46
What are the different tarsal bones found in the foot?
Talus Calcaneous Navicular Cuneiform (medial, intermediate and lateral) Cuboid bone
47
What are the metatarsal bones in to fooot divided into section?
A base, shaft and a head.
48
What are the division of the phalangeas in the foot?
The proximal, middle (not in hallucis) and distal phalangeas of each digit
49
Draw a diagram to represent the different bones in the foot?
50
What are the order of strucutres that are passed behind the medial malleolus?
Tom Dick And Very Nervous Harry Tibialis posterior tendon Extensor digitorum longus tendon Posterior Tibial artery, vein and nerve Extensor Halluic Longus tendon
51
What are the different stages in the gait cycle?
Heal strike Flat foot Mid stance ( Only foot on the floor) Heal off Toe off. Mid swing (foot in air)
52
What are the different phases of the gait cycle? What are the kinetics of this?
The stance phase The swing phase 60% in stance phase 40% in swing phase
53
What is important to remember in terms of the body having two lower limbs?
Two different gait cycles are occurring simultaneously, one with the left lef and one with the right leg. Whilst one leg is in the stance phase the other is in the swing phase.
54
What is the arterial supply to the lower limb?
The external iliac passes under the inguinal ligament and becomes the femoral artery Travels down the thigh in the adductor canal and comes out of the abductor hiatus is now the popliteal artery (gives off genicular branches), passes into the leg and bifurcates into the anterior tibial and posterior tibial artery (the lateral compartment of the leg is supplied by the anterior tibial artery)
55
What are the branches of the femoral artery in the thigh?
The deep femoral artery with perforating branches - supplies the medial and posterior thigh. The medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries that wrap around the neck of the femur
56
What arteries also contribute to the supply of the thigh?
The superior gluteal - branch of the posterior division of internal iliac The inferior gluteal - branch of the anterior division of internal iliac The obturator - branch of the anterior division of internal illiac
57
Describe the deep drainage of the leg?
The anterior and posterior tibila drains Into the popliteal vein Into the femoral vein Into the external iliac vein Inferior and superior gluteal veins will drain into the internal illiac vein.
58
Describe the superficial venous drainage of the leg.
The small and great saphenous veins which anastamose over the foot Small drains into the popliteal vein - saphenopopliteal junction. Great drain into the femoral vein - saphenofemoral junction
59
What muscles are found on the dorsum surface of the foot?
Extensor digitorum brevis Extensor hallucis brevis Dorsal interossei
60
What muscles are found in teh 1st plantar layer in the foot?
Abductor hallucis Flexor digitorum brevis Abductor digiti minmi
61
What muscles are found in the second plantar layer of the foot?
Flexor hallucis brevis Flexor digiti minimi Lumbricalis Quadratus plantaw
62
What muscles are found in the third plantar layer of the foot?
Adductor hallucis - with a oblique and a transverse head. Planter interossei
63
Identify adductor brevis
B
64
Indicate the short head of biceps femoris
D
65
What structures are commonly damaged alongside the anterior cruciate ligament?
The meniscus
66
Describe the innervation to the lower limb?
Thigh is supplied by the sciatic nerve, femoral nerve and the obturator nerve THe glutes by the superior and inferior gluteal never The sciatic nerve continues to become the popliteal nerve, then splits into the common fibular and the tibial nerve THe tibial nerve supplies the posterior compartments of leg. The deep fibular - anterior lieg The superficial fibular - lateral leg
67
Identify the muscle
Extensor hallucis brevis
68
Identify the muscle
Extensor digitorum brevis
69
Identify the muscle
Adductor digiti minimi
70
What is the muscle? On plantar foot
Flexor digitorum brevis
71
Identify the muscle
Adductor hallucis
72
Identify the muscle
Dorsal interrossi muscles
73
Identify the muscle plantar surface
Flexor hallucis brevis
74
Identify the muscle shown plantar surface of foot
Lambricals Made from the tendon of flexor digitorum longus
75
Identify the muscle shown plantar surface of foot
Quadratus plantae
76
Identify the muscle shown plantar surface
Lumbrical muscles
77
Identify the muscle shown
Oblique head of adductor hallucis
78
What muscle is shown?
Transverse head of adductor hallucis
79
What muscle is shown?
Plantar interossi muscle

Anatomy class (42 decks)

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