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Unit 12- Abnormal Psychology Flashcards

(63 cards)

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0
Q

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A

A psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

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1
Q

Psychological disorders

A

Deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors

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2
Q

Harmful dysfunction

A

The distress must be disabling and impair your life

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3
Q

Pinel

A

Reformer of mental treatment in France- madness is not demon possession but sickness of the mind caused by severe stress and inhumane conditions- best way is to be gentle and give activities

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4
Q

Medical model

A

The concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital

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5
Q

Susto

A

Severe anxiety, restlessness, and fear of black manic mostly found in Latin America

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6
Q

Taijin- kyofusho

A

Social anxiety about ones appearance, readiness to blush, and fear of eye contact found in japan

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7
Q

DSM-IV-TR

A

The American psychiatric associations diagnostic and statistical Manuel of mental disorders, fourth edition, updated as of 2000 “text revision”; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders

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8
Q

How is disorder diagnosed: axis I

A

Is a clinical syndrome present? (Such as schizophrenia, eating disorders, mood disorders, anxiety, depression )

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9
Q

How is disorder diagnosed: axis II

A

Is a personality disorder or mental retardation present?

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10
Q

How is disorder diagnosed: axis III

A

Is a general medical condition, such as diabetes, hypertension, or arthritis, also present?

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11
Q

How is disorder diagnosed: axis IV

A

Are psychosocial or environmental problems, such as school or housing issues, also present?

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12
Q

How is disorder diagnosed: Axis V

A

What is the global assessment of this person’s functioning (assign code from 0-100)

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13
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecies

A

Labels matter and people with disorders will live up to the expectations of how you expect them to act

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14
Q

Anxiety disorders

A

Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent, anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

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15
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

An anxiety disorder in which a person is continuously tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal
Symptoms: twitching eyelids, trembling, perspiration, can’t identify cause so hard to deal with

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16
Q

Panic disorder

A

An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, heart palpitations, or other frightening sensations (smokers have double the risk)

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17
Q

Phobias

A

An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation

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18
Q

Specific phobias

A

May focus on animals, insects, heights, blood, or close spaces (people avoid stimulus that arouses fear)

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19
Q

Social phobia

A

Shyness taken to the extreme, intense dear of being scrutinized or avoid embarrassing situations

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20
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Is fear or avoidance of situations in which escape might be difficult or help unavailable when panicked

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21
Q

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and or actions (compulsions)

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22
Q

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

An anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after traumatic experience

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23
Q

Survivor resiliency

A

Those who do not develop PTSD and those who have suffered develop a sensitivity to suffering and empathy for others who suffer

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24
Post-traumatic growth
Positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises (increased appreciation for life, better priorities, meaningful relationships)
25
Stimulus generalization
Contributes to anxiety, when a person attacked by fierce dog later fears all dogs
26
Reinforcement
Contributes to anxiety, helps maintain our phobias and compulsions after they arise
27
Anxiety gene
Affects brain levels of serotonin which affect sleep and mood
28
Anterior cingulate cortex
Brain region that monitors actions and checks for errors, elevated activity in this area of people who have OCD
29
Somatoform disorder
Psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause
30
Conversion disorder
A rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found (unexplained paralysis, blindness, inability to swallow)
31
Hypochondriasis
A somatoform disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease
32
Dissociative disorders
Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings)
33
Fugue state
Lose memory for personal identity
34
Dissociative identity disorder (DID)
A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder Each personality has different voice and mannerisms (denies awareness of others)
35
Mood disorders
Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. Major depressive disorder, mania, bipolar disorder
36
Major depressive disorder
A mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities
37
Mania
A mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state (emotional extreme)
38
Bipolar disorder
A mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania (formerly called manic-depressive disorder)
39
Linkage analysis
Used to tease out genes that put people at risk for depression
40
Non-epinephrine
Neurotransmitter that plays a role in mood disorders, increases arousal and boosts mood, is scarce in depression and over abundant in mania
41
Serotonin
Neurotransmitter that plays role in mood disorders, scarce in depression and drugs for depression focus on increasing it
42
Stable, global, internal
How depressed people tend to explain bad events: stable (it's going to last forever), global (it's going to affect everything I do), and internal (it's all my fault)
43
Schizophrenia
A group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions
44
Delusions
False beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur
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Hallucinations
Sensory experiences without sensory stimulation many are auditory (hearing voices)
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Flat effect
Emotionless state
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Catatonia
Motionless for hours and then agitated
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Positive symptoms
Experience hallucinations, exhibit inappropriate laughter or tears Presence of inappropriate behaviors
49
Negative symptoms
Includes toneless voices, expressionless faces, or mute and rigid bodies Absence of inappropriate behaviors
50
Chronic schizophrenia
Slow-developing, recovery is doubtful (men are more negative symptoms and chronic)
51
Acute or reactive schizophrenia
Develops quickly, following life stresses, recovery is more likely, have more positive symptoms and respond to drug therapy
52
Paranoid schizophrenia
Preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations, often with themes of persecution or grandiosity
53
Disorganized schizophrenia
Disorganized speech and behavior, or flat, inappropriate emotion
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Catatonic schizophrenia
Immobility (or excessive, purposeful movement) extreme negativism, and or parrot like repeating of another's speech or movements
55
Undifferentiated schizophrenia
Many and varied symptoms
56
Residual schizophrenia
Withdrawal, after hallucinations or delusions disappear
57
Personality disorders
Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
58
Avoidant personality disorder
Expresses anxiety, such as fearful sensitivity to rejection
59
Schizoid personality disorder
Eccentric behaviors, such as emotionless disengagement
60
Histrionic personality disorder
Dramatic and impulsive behaviors
61
Narcissistic personality disorder
Self-focused, self-inflating
62
Antisocial personality disorder
A personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even towards friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist (formerly called psychopath/sociopath)

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