Unit 12- Lymphatic & Digestive system Flashcards
1
Q
Lymph System consists of?
A
Thymus, tonsils, spleen, lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels
2
Q
A
3
Q
Thoracic duct
A
larger and longest of lymphatic vessel. superiorly along the left side
4
Q
cisterna chyli
A
dilated sac of the thoracic duct
5
Q
right lymphatic duct
A
receives lymph from the right jugular. Smaller and shorter than the thoracic duct
6
Q
lymph nodes
A
encapsulated collections of lymphatic tissue.
indicators of infection
7
Q
Tonsils
A
group of developing lymphocytes
8
Q
palatine tonsils
A
tonsils that can be easily observed with a mirror at the back of thermal cavity
9
Q
pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
A
embedded in the mucosa of the superoposteriar part of the nasal part of the pharynx (throat)
10
Q
lingual tonsils
A
tonsils are embedded in the root of the tongue
11
Q
Spleen
A
large lymphatic organ
-positioned left superior quadrant of the abdomen between the stomach and diaphragm.
12
Q
splenic hilum
A
where vessels, nerves, etc. enter and leave the spleen.
13
Q
Thymus
A
lymphoid organ- located near the base of the heart. subdivided into left and right lobes.
14
Q
Digestive system and functions
A
digestive system: oral cavity, gullet, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine.
functions: nutrient intake, solid waste elimination
15
Q
mucous membrane
A
deepest portion of the gut wall. composed of 3 layers
16
Q
epithelial layer
A
deepest layer of the mucous membrane
17
Q
lamina propia of the mocosa
A
composed of connective tissue, support layer between the epithelium and smooth muscle layer
18
Q
muscular layer of the mucosa
A
layer of smooth muscle tissue superficial to the lamina propria
19
Q
submucosa
A
layer of areolar tissue
20
Q
muscular coat
A
layer of smooth muscle tissue
- circular layer: inner
- longitudinal layer: outer
- oblique fibers:present deep to the circular layer
21
Q
serous membrane/ coat
A
surrounds digestive organs and the parietal peritoneum
22
Q
tunica adventitia
A
layer of connective tissue associated with the surface of the digestive canal
23
Q
oral cavity
A
initial part of the alimentary canal
24
Q
oral vestibule
A
portion of the oral cavity located outside the teeth and gums.
25
upper lip
the lip above the opening of the mouth
26
superior labial frenulum
medial fold of mucosa on the posterior aspect of the upper lip.
27
lower lip
lip below the rima oris
28
inferior labial frenulum
media fold of the mucosa on the posterior aspect of the inferior lip
29
oral cavity proper
oral cavity inside the teeth
30
hard palate
anterosuperior part of the cavity, composed of bone and harden octopus membrane
31
transverse palatine folds
the mucosa lining the anterior portion of the hard palate
32
soft palate
-closing off the nasal part of the pharynx during the act of swallowing.
moveable and composed of 5 skeletal muscles, glandular epithelium, connective tissue and mucous membrane.
33
palatine uvula
median, conical projection from the posterior border of the soft palate
34
palatopharyngeal arch
left and right posteriorly oriented mucosal fold
35
palatoglossal arch
left & right anteriorly oriented mucosal fold from the palatine uvula to the tongue
36
sublingual folds
left & right linear elevations of mucosa under the tongue
37
sublingual caruncle
opening of the submandibular ducts- allows saliva and mucous to enter the oral cavity proper
38
incisive papilla
short median ridge
| -gets roasted by the pizza cheese
39
gums
portions of the oral mucosa surrounding the teeth
40
tongue
muscular organ
41
Tip (apex) of the tongue
anterior portion of the tongue
42
body of the tongue
the main horizontal portion of the tongue between apex and root of the tongue
43
root of the tongue
posterior part of the tongue
44
lingal frenulum
the median fold of mucosa that attaches the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity
45
parotid gland
salivary gland located anterior to the ace of each ear
46
sublingual gland
located in the floor of the oral cavity on each side of the median plane
47
submandibular gland
salivary gland located in the area adjacent to the angle of the mandible
48
teeth
a tooth has 3 major external parts
49
crown of a toot
visible portion that projects from the gums
50
root of a tooth
embedded portion which occupies a dental alveolus in a maxilla
51
periodontium
connective tissue, anchors each tooth in its socket
52
neck of tooth
portion of a tooth at the junction of the crown and root
53
enamel
covers the crown of a tooth, hardest substance in the body
54
cementum
envelops the root of a tooth, bone like connective tissue
55
pulp cavity of a tooth
hollow space surrounded by dentin and filled with dental pulp
56
canal of the root of a tooth
channel by which vessels and nerves enter ad leave the pulp cavity
57
dental pulp
soft tissue
58
superior dental arch
the eight upper right and eight upper left teeth
59
inferior dental arch
the eight lower and the eight lower left teeth
60
incisor teeth
for teeth adjacent to the median plane
61
canine teeth
teeth posterior tot he incisor teeth (4 total)
62
premolar teeth
teeth posterolateral to each canine tooth (8 total)
63
molar teeth
the last three teeth on each side of dental arch
64
wisdom tooth
last molar teeth on each dental arch
65
permanent dental formulas
2[I2/2, CI/I, P2/2, M3/3]= 32
| I=incisor, C= canine, P premolar, M= molar
66
deciduous dental formula
2[I2/2, CI/I, M2/2]= 20 or 2[I2/2, CI/I, P0/0, M2/2]= 20
67
occlusal surface of a tooth
the the surface that faces the opposite dental arch
68
lingual surface of a toothe
surface adjacent to the tongue
69
palatal surface of tooth
the lingual surface on the superior teeth
70
vestibular surface of a tooth
the surface oriented toward the oral vestibule
71
buccal surface of a tooth
the more posterior teeth- to the cheek
72
approximate surface of the tooth
faces adjacent teeth in the same dental arch "the dental floss" area
73
mesial surface of a tooth
surface that is oriented toward the edian plane
74
distal surface of a tooth
the opposite approximate surface is the distal surface of the tooth
75
gullet
the passageway connecting the oral cavity and pharynx
76
tonsillar fossa
depression in the lateral wall of the pharynx between the palatoglossal and platopharyngeal arches
77
pharynx
passageway serves both the digestive nd respiratory system
78
nasal part of the pharynx
positioned above the level of the soft palate
79
oral part of the pharynx
located directly posterior to the gullet
80
laryngeal part of the pharynx
extends inferiorly to the opening of the esophagus and positioned posterior the superior part of the larynx
81
esophagus
musculomembranous tube about 25cm in length that connects the laryngeal of the pharynx to the stomach
82
stomach
storage organ
83
gastric folds
the mocosa of the stomach has large folds
84
greater curvature of the stomach
the outside lateral perimeter of the stomach
85
lesser curvature of the stomach
the inside medial perimeter of the stomach
86
cardiac part of the stomach
adjacent to and surrounding the cardiac opening where the esophagus enters
87
fundus of the stomach
the portion of the stomach which bulges above and tot he left of the vertical line thought entrence of the esophagus
88
body of the stomach
positioned between the fundus and the pyloric part
89
pyloric part of the stomach
the last third of the stomach that funnels down to join the pylorus
90
pyloric antrum
distal to the body and proximal to the pyloric canal
91
pyloric canal
terminal end of the pyloric part of the stomach
92
pylorus of the stomach
junction of the stomach with the duodenum
93
pyloric opening
entryway from the lumen of the pyloric anal to the pylorus
94
pyloric sphincter muscle
is a modification (thickening) of the circular layer of a smooth
95
small intestine
averages about 6.5 meters in length
96
duodenum
initial 25-30 cm of small intestine
97
superior part of the duodenum
the initial
98
superior duodenal flexure
the bend where the superior part of the duodenum turns 180
99
descending part of the duodenum
portion of the duodenum between the superior and inferior duodenal flexures
100
major duodenal papilla
projection from the luminal wall on which the hepatopancreatic ampulla opens
101
minor duodenal papilla
projection from the luminal wall
102
inferior duodenal papilla
the bend where the descending part of the duodenum turns 90 to the left to become horizontal part
103
horizontal part of the duodenum
transversely oriented portion of the duodenum
104
ascending part of the duodenum
portion of the duodenum between the horizontal part and the duodenojejunal flexure
105
duodenojejunal flexure
the bend at the superior aspect of the ascending part of the duodenum that marks the junction of the duodenum and jejunum
106
jejunum
portion of small intestine that extends between the duodenum and ileum
107
ileum
the terminal portion of the intestine
108
large intestine
about 1.5 meters long
109
taeniae of the colon
tree longitudinal bands of smooth muscle that are visible on the surface of the colon
110
sacculations of the colon
the colic bulges that from due to the presence of the taeniae coli
111
epiploic appendages of the colon
peritoneal covered tabs of fat attaches assist in removing fluid from the chyme
112
cecum
the blind-ended portion of the large intestine that projects below the entry of the ileum
113
vermiform appendiz
a blind-ended tube about 6 to 9 cm long
114
colon
portion of the large intestine between cecum and rectum
115
ascending colon
initial portion which is directed superiorly along the right side of the abdominal cavity
116
right colic flexure
the 90 bend where the ascending colon turns to the left to become the transverse colon
117
transverse colon
the horizontally-oriented segment of the colon between the right colic flexure and the left colic flexure.
118
left colic flexure
90 bend where transverse colon turns inferiorly to become the descending colon
119
descending colon
inferiorly- directed segment of colon coursing down along the left side of the abdominal cavity
120
sigmoid colon
tortuous terminal segment of the colon within the pelvis
121
rectum
straight portion of the large intestine 15 cm long
122
anal canal
the terminal portion of the large intestine about 2.5 cm long
123
anus
the terminal opening of the anal canal
124
liver
the largest gland and largest internal organ in the body
125
diaphragmatic surface of the liver
superior aspect of the liver
126
visceral surface of the liver
inferior aspect of the liver
127
hepatic porta
central indentation on the visceral surface
128
right lobe of the liver
the largest liver lobe tot he right of the hepatic porta
129
left lobe of the liver
largest liver lobe to the left of the hepatic porta
130
quadrate lobe of the liver
smallest lobe of the liver
131
caudate lobe of the liver
the posterosuperior to the hepatic porta
132
gallbladder
a storage organ for the bile produced by the liver
133
gunds of the gallbladder
dilated inferior portion
134
body of the gallbladder
portion superior to the fundus
135
neck of the gallbladder
portion superior to the fundus
136
cystic duct
channel that carries bile to/ from the neck of the gallbladder
137
left hepatic duct
the main bile drainage from the left side of the liver
138
right hepatic duct
the main bile drainage from the right side of the liver
139
common hepatic duct
the vessel formed by joining of the right and left hepatic ducts
140
bile duct
duct formed by the joining of the cystic and common hepatic ducts
141
hepatopancreatic ampulla
dilation after the junction of the bile duct and the pancreatic duct
142
pancreas
gland that is positioned along the superior aspect of the horizontal part of the duodenum
143
head of the pancreas
rounded, right end of the pancreas
144
neck of the pancreas
part between the head and the body of the pancreas
145
body of the pancreas
extends to the left from the head of the pancreas
146
tail of the pancreas
tapered end to the left of the body of the pancreas
147
pancreatic duct
the larger of the two ducts
148
accessory pancreatic duct
located mostly in the head of the pancreas
149
peritoneum
serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the abdominal organs
150
parietal peritoneum
lines the inner surface of the abdominal wall an attaches to various organs in the abdomen and pelvis
151
visceral peritoneum
covers the surfaces of the organs within the abdominal and pelvic cavities
152
peritoneal cavity
the potential space between the parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum
153
greater omentum
double layer of peritoneum attaching to the greater curvature of the stomach and extending to the transverse colon
154
lesser omentum
double layer of the peritoneum extending from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver and duodenum
155
mesentery
double layer of peritoneum between the posterior abdominal wall and the jejunum and ileum
156
mesocolon
double layer of peritoneum attaching the colon to the posterior abdominal wall
157
falciform ligament
double layer of peritoneum extending to the diaphragmatic surface of the liver from the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall
