Unit 8 Axial Muscles

Question 1

muscles of the head

Answer 1

44 muscles of the head that are divided into 6 subgroups

Question 2

muscles of the face

Answer 2

22 muscles called” muscles of the facial expression”

Question 3

epicranius muscle

Answer 3

muscles of the scalp

Question 4

epicranial/ galea aponeurosis

Answer 4

Origin: epicranial aponeurosis Insertion: occipital belly- occipital bone; frontal belly- skin of the eyebrow and nose; lateral bellies- muscle and cartilages of the auricle Action: more the scalp, wrinkle brow, wiggle ears

Question 5

orbicularis oculi muscle

Answer 5

Origin: itself Insertion: itself Action: close eyelids

Question 6

corrugator supercilii muscle

Answer 6

Origin: medial aspect of the superciliary arch of the frontal bone Insertion: skin of eyebrow Action: draw eyebrow downward and medially

Question 7

orbicularis oris muscle

Answer 7

Origin: itself Insertion:itself Action: close and purse the lip

Question 8

levator labii superioris muscle

Answer 8

Origin: maxilla & zygomatic bone Insertion: into orbicularis iris muscle of the upper lip Action: elevate upper lip

Question 9

levator anguli oris muscle

Answer 9

Origin: maxilla Insertion: orbicularis fris mscle and skin at corner of the mouth Action: raises angle of mouth

Question 10

zygomaticus major muscle

Answer 10

Origin: zygomatic bone Insertion: orbicularis fris muscle at the angle (corner) of the mouth Action: draw upper lip back and upward

Question 11

zygomaticus minor muscle

Answer 11

Origin: zygomatic bone Insertion: orbicularis fris and levator labii superioris muscle Action: draw upper lip pi and laterally

Question 12

depressor labii inferioris muscle

Answer 12

Origin: anterior aspect of the mandible Insertion: into the orbicularis iris muscle and skin of the lower lip Action: depress lower lip

Question 13

depressor anguli oris muscle

Answer 13

Origin: anterior aspect of the mandible Insertion: into the orbicularis oris muscle near the corner of mouth Action: depress corner of mouth

Question 14

nasalis muscle

Answer 14

Origin: maxilla Insertion: into the contralateral nasalis muscle and into the ala of the nose Action: wrinkle and dilate nostrils

Question 15

muscles of mastication

Answer 15

4 pair of muscles “closing the jaw”

Question 16

temporalis muscle

Answer 16

Origin: temporal fossa Insertion: coronoid process and rams of the mandible Action: elevate mandible

Question 17

masseter muscle

Answer 17

Origin: zygomatic arch Insertion: coronoid process and lateral aspect of the rams of the mandible Action: elevate mandible

Question 18

lateral pterygoid muscle

Answer 18

Origin: lateral plate f the pterygoid process & adjacent greater wing of the sphenoid bone Insertion: condyloid process of the mandible and articular disc of the temporomandibular joint Action: protract mandible, depress mandible

Question 19

medial pterygoid muscle

Answer 19

Origin: between the medial and lateral plates of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone, palatine bone, and maxilla Insertion: medial aspect of the mandible Action: elevate mandible, move it laterally

Question 20

muscles of the neck

Answer 20

33 paired muscles that divide into 6 subgroups

Question 21

platysma

Answer 21

Origin: fascia over the pectorals major and deltoids muscles Insertion: lower mandibular region Action: depress lower lip, wrinkle skin of neck and upper chest

Question 22

sternocleidomastoideus muscle

Answer 22

Origin: manubrium of the sternum and sternal extremity of the clavicle Insertion: mastoid process of the temporal bone Action: turn head toward opposite side; flex joints of cervical vertebral column

Question 23

muscles of the thorax

Answer 23

7 paired muscles are not subdivided

Question 24

pectoralis major muscle

Answer 24

Origin: clavicle, sternum, first 6 ribs and aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique muscle Insertion: inter tubercular groove of the humerus and greater tubercle of the humerus Action: flex shoulder joint, adduct superior limb at shoulder joint, medially rotate superior limb

Question 25

pectoralis minor muscle

Answer 25

Origin: ris 3-5/6 near costochondral joints Insertion: coracoid process of the scapula Action: draw scapula anterior and down, elevate rib

Question 26

serratus anterior muscle

Answer 26

Origin: center of lateral aspects of the 1st 8 or 9 ribs Insertion: medial border of the scapula Action: rotate scapula and pull it forward elevate ribs

Question 27

external intercostal mm

Answer 27

Origin: inferior borders of the ribs Insertion: superior borders of the ribs Action: elevate ribs, maintain tension in the intercostal spaces

Question 28

internal intercostal mm

Answer 28

Origin: inferior borders of the ribs Insertion: superior borders of the ribs Action: depress the ribs, maintain tension in the intercostal spaces

Question 29

diaphragm

Answer 29

thoracic muscle, 3 parts and 2 legs

Question 30

muscles of the abdomen

Answer 30

4 paired principle muscles of the abdominal wall

Question 31

rectus abdominis muscle

Answer 31

straight abdominal muscle

Question 32

tendinous intersection of the rectus abdominis muscle

Answer 32

horizontal tendons across the belly of the rectus

Question 33

sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle

Answer 33

well-developed connective tissue surrounds the belly of the rectus abdominis muscle

Question 34

anterior layer of the sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle

Answer 34

formed by aponeuroses of the external abdominal oblique and internal abdominal oblique muscles

Question 35

linea alba

Answer 35

Origin: pubic crest and pubic symphysis Insertion: diploid process of the sternum and costal cartilages 5, 6, &7 Action: draw thorax downward (flex joint of vertebral column) compress abdomen

Question 36

external abdominal oblique muscle

Answer 36

Origin: ribs 5-12 Insertion: anterior lamina of the sheath of recus abdominis muscle, linea alba, anterior half of the iliac crest, inguinal ligament Action: draw thorax downward (flex joints of the vertebral column) compress abdomen rotate verbal column

Question 37

internal abdominal oblique muscle

Answer 37

Origin: anterior half of the crest of the ilium, inguinal ligament Insertion: ribs 10-12 sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle linea alba Action: draw thorax downward ( flex joint of vertebral column) compress abdomen, rotate vertebral column

Question 38

transversus abdominis muscle

Answer 38

Origin: costal cartilages of ribs 7-12, iliac crest, inguinal ligament Insertion: xiphoid process of the sternum, posterior lamina of sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle, linea alba Action: compress abdomen

Question 39

urogenital diaphragm

Answer 39

anterior floor of the pelvic cavity

Question 40

pelvic diaphragm

Answer 40

muscles that form the posterior portion of the pelvic floor

Question 41

muscles of the back

Answer 41

paired muscles dived into 6 sub groups

Question 42

trapezius muscle

Answer 42

Origin: occipital bone, spinous process of c7 and thoracic vertebrae Insertion: clavicle, spine and acromion of the scapula Action: draw head laterally or posteriorly, rotate scapula

Question 43

latissimus dorsi muscle

Answer 43

Origin: spinous process of the lower five or 6 thoracic vertebrae, those of the lumbar vertebrae and median crest of the bony sacrum Insertion: with teres major muscle into the medial border of the intertubercular groove Action: adduct superior limb at shoulder joint, rotate superior limb medially at shoulder joint, extend shoulder joint

Question 44

rhomboideus major muscle

Answer 44

Origin: spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae 2-5 Insertion: medial border of the scapula below level of its spine Action: pull scapula toward vertebral column

Question 45

rhomboideus minor muscle

Answer 45

Origin: spinous process of C7 and T1 Insertion: medial border of the scapula at the level of its spine Action: pull scapula toward vertebral column and slightly superiorly

Question 46

rhomboideus minor muscle

Answer 46

Origin: spinous process of C7 and T1 Insertion: medial border of the scapula at the level of its spine Action: pull scapula toward vertebral column and slightly superiorly

Question 47

levator scapulae muscle

Answer 47

Origin: transverse process of the first four cervical vertebrae Insertion: superior angle of the scapula Action: elevate scapula

Question 48

erector spine muscles

Answer 48

muscles lie adjacent to the spinous processes of the vertebrae

Question 49

spinalis muscle

Answer 49

Action: extend joints of the vertebral column, lateral flexion of the vertebral joints

Question 50

longissimus muscle

Answer 50

Action: extend joints of the vertebral column, lateral flexion of the vertebral joints

Question 51

iliocostalis muscle

Answer 51

Action: extend joints of the vertebral column, lateral flexion of the vertebral joints