Unit 17

Question 1

what are chromosomes

Answer 1

they are made of DNA which contains genetic information in the form of genes

Question 2

what is a gene

Answer 2

a length of DNA that codes for a protein

Question 3

WHat is an allele

Answer 3

the alternative form of a gene

Question 4

what are the sex chromosomes

Answer 4

the pair of chromosomes that determine gender

Question 5

what is the female sexy chromosome

Answer 5

X and X

Question 6

what is the male sex chromosome

Answer 6

X and Y

Question 7

what chromosome do female eggs carry

Answer 7

X chromosomes

Question 8

what chromosomes do sperm cells carry

Answer 8

X or Y
they determine the gender of the baby

Question 9

what is the smallest to largest(DNA,Chromosomes,Genes)

Answer 9

DNA, Genes,Chromosomes

Question 10

how are specific proteins created

Answer 10

the different sequences of bases in a gene determines the sequence of amino acids to give protein molecules different shapes

Question 11

How does DNA control cell function

Answer 11

controls the production of proteins such as enzymes,membrane carriers and receptors for neurotransmitters

Question 12

how is a protein made

Answer 12

the gene coding for the protein remains in the nucleus
mRNA is a copy of a gene
mRNA molecules are made in the nucleus and move to the cytoplams

Question 13

how is a protein made

Answer 13

the gene coding for the protein remains in the nucleus
mRNA is a copy of a gene
mRNA molecules are made in the nucleus and move to the cytoplasm
mRNA passes through ribosomes
the ribosome assembles amino acids into the protein molecules
specific sequence of amino acids is determined by the sequence of bases

Question 14

how do most body cells in an organism contain the same genes but have different functions

Answer 14

genes in the particular cells are not expressed because the cell only makes the specific proteins required

Question 15

what are haploid cells

Answer 15

cells with a nucleus containing a singular set of chromosomes

Question 16

what are diploid cells

Answer 16

nucleus contains 2 sets of chromosomes

Question 17

what is mitosis

Answer 17

nuclear division giving rise to genetically identical cells

Question 18

what is mitosis used for

Answer 18

used in growth, repair of damaged tissus, replacement of cells and asexual reproduction

Question 19

how does mitosis create genetically identical cells

Answer 19

the exact replication of chromosomes occurs before mitosis

Question 20

what happens during mitosis

Answer 20

the copies of chromosomes separate which maintains the chromosome number in each daughter cell

Question 21

what are stem cells

Answer 21

unspecialised cells that divide by mitosis to produce daughter cells that can then be specialised for specific functions

Question 22

what is meiois

Answer 22

cell division where 4 genetically unique cells are created

Question 23

what is meiosis used for

Answer 23

the production of games

Question 24

what is inhertitance

Answer 24

the transmission of genetic information from generation to generation

Question 25

what is the genotype

Answer 25

the genetic makeup of an organism in terms of the alleles present

Question 26

what is the phenotype

Answer 26

the observable features of an organism

Question 27

homozygous

Answer 27

2 identical alleles of a particular genes

Question 28

what happens when 2 homozygous individuals breed

Answer 28

pure breeding

Question 29

heterozygous

Answer 29

two different alleles of a particular gene

Question 30

can heterozygous individuals be pure bred

Answer 30

no

Question 31

dominant allele

Answer 31

an allele that is expressed if its present in the genotype

Question 32

recessive allele

Answer 32

only expressed when there is no dominant allele of the gene present

Question 33

what is codominance

Answer 33

a situation where both alleles contribute to the phenotype

Question 34

what is a sex linked characteristic

Answer 34

a feature where the gene responsible is located on a sex chromosome the characteristic is more present in one gender

Question 35

why is red green color blindness more common in males

Answer 35

the gene is located on the X chromosome more common in males since they only require one faulty X chromosome while females require 2 faulty chromosomes