Unit 7

Question 1

what is a balanced diet

Answer 1

contains all the nutrients needed by the body

Question 2

what are carbohydrates

Answer 2

provide energy
found in pasta and bread

Question 3

what are fas

Answer 3

provide energy
found in nuts and oil

Question 4

what are proteins

Answer 4

growth and repair
found in meat and fish

Question 5

what is vitamin C

Answer 5

maintains healthy blood vessels, helps with wound healing
found in citrus

Question 6

what is vitamin D

Answer 6

helps regulate the amount of calcium and phosphate(for bones)

Question 7

what is calcium

Answer 7

strengthens teeth and bone, found in milk

Question 8

what is iron

Answer 8

production of haemoglobin for RBC, found in red meats

Question 9

what is fibre

Answer 9

helps digestion and moving of faeces, found in fruits and vegetables

Question 10

what is water

Answer 10

needed for almost every process since the body is almost 60 %water

Question 11

what factor does a persons diet depend on

Answer 11

age
sex
activity

Question 12

what is a deficiency disease

Answer 12

an illness created by the lack of an essential nutrient

Question 13

what is scurvy caused by

Answer 13

insufficient vitamin C

Question 14

what is constipation caused by

Answer 14

caused by insufficient fibre or water

Question 15

what is rickets caused bt

Answer 15

insufficient vitamin D

Question 16

how is iron deficiency caused by

Answer 16

blood loss
certain medecine
insufficient iron

Question 17

what is the alimentary canal

Answer 17

the tube throuhg which food passes through the body in the form of bolus

Question 18

what is the order of the alimentary canal

Answer 18

mouth, oesophagus,stomach,small intestine(duodenum,ileum),large intestine(colon,rectum),anus

Question 19

what are the other parts of the human digestive system

Answer 19

salivary glands
liver
gall bladder
pancreas

Question 20

what is ingestion

Answer 20

taking substances into the body through the mouth

Question 21

what is digestion

Answer 21

the breakdown of food in the mouth and stomach

Question 22

what is absorption

Answer 22

the movement of nutrients from the intestines into the blood

Question 23

what is assimilation

Answer 23

the uptake and use of nurtrients by cells

Question 24

what is egestion

Answer 24

the removal of undigested food from the body as faeces

Question 25

what is physical digestion

Answer 25

the breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical changes to the molecules

Question 26

what is the purpose of physical digestion

Answer 26

increases the surface area of food for the action of enzymes in chemical digestion

Question 27

where are the incisor and canines and what is their purpose

Answer 27

the front of the mouth and used to bite and tear food into smaller chunks

Question 28

where are the premolars and molars and what is their purpose

Answer 28

back of the mouth, used to chew food

Question 29

what is enamel

Answer 29

very hard,covers the front of the teeth to protet the inside

Question 30

what is dentine

Answer 30

found underneath the enamel easier to decay

Question 31

what is the pulp

Answer 31

central part of the tooth made of soft tissues that holds blood vessels and nerves

Question 32

what is cement

Answer 32

covers the root of the teeth and stabilises it

Question 33

how is the stomach involved in physical digestion

Answer 33

through churning to break food up more

Question 34

what is the role of bile

Answer 34

secreted by the liver and emulsifies fat increases the surface area so enzymes can digest them quicker

Question 35

what is chemical digestion

Answer 35

the breakdown of large insoulble molecules into small soluble molecules which can then be absorbed

Question 36

what does amylase break down

Answer 36

starch into simple reducing sugars

Question 37

what does protease breakd own

Answer 37

protein to amino acids

Question 38

what does lipase break down

Answer 38

fats and oild into fatty acid and glycerol

Question 39

where is amylase secreted

Answer 39

by the salivary glands

Question 40

where is protease secreted

Answer 40

by the pancreas into the small intestine

Question 41

where is lipase secreted

Answer 41

produced in the pancreas,mouth and stomach into the small intestine

Question 42

what is hydrochloric acid used for

Answer 42

found in gastric juice and kills harmful microorganisms in food also creates an acidic pH for enzymes

Question 43

how is starch digested

Answer 43

amylase breaks down starch to maltose maltase breaks down maltose to glucose

Question 44

how is protein digested

Answer 44

pepsin breaks down protein in the acidic conditions of the stomach trypsin breaks down protein in the alkaline conditions of the small intestine

Question 45

what is bile

Answer 45

an alkaline mixture that neutralises the acidic mixture of food and gastric juices entering and provides a suitable pH

Question 46

what do the salivary glands do

Answer 46

produce saliva and make food easier to swallow

Question 47

what do the liver and gall bladder do

Answer 47

produce bile to digest fat bile is stored in the gall bladder

Question 48

what do the pancreas do

Answer 48

secrete pancreatic juices which neutralises the acid in food leaving the stomach

Question 49

what happens in the small intestine

Answer 49

region where nutrients are absorbed

Question 50

where is most water absorbed

Answer 50

mostly in the small intestine but some is absorbed in the colon

Question 51

how is the internal surface area of the small intestine increased

Answer 51

through villi and microvilli which allows for quicker absorption

Question 52

what is the structure of the villus

Answer 52

one artery and vein with a lacteal in the middle