Unit 1A Challenges of Natural Hazards Flashcards
(17 cards)
Describe a destructive plate margin
When two plates are moving towards each other
Oceanic plate meets a continental plate
Oceanic plate is subducted creating volcanoes
Two continental plates push up to form fold mountains
Slab Push occurs
Describe a constructive plate margin
Two plates are moving away from each other
Magma rises to fill the gap
Ridge Pull occurs
Describe a conservative plate margin
Two plates moving sideways past each other
Causes friction and tremors
San Andreas Fault
Which plate boundaries do volcanoes and mountains form at
Volcanoes occurs at Destructive and Constructive Plate Margins
Earthquakes occur at ALL three
Why might someone choose to live near an area of tectonic hazard
Might be somewhere such as Iceland eg
Cant afford a move away
Tourist Hotspot e.g Mount Etna
Family
How can you manage the effects of a tectonic hazard
3 P’s
Prediction - seizmometers, gas emissions, animal behaviour
Planning - education, emergency supplies, building regulations
Protection - new schemes, strengthened buildings, evacuation routes, rolling weights such as in Taipei 101
What is Global Atmospheric Circulation
The transfer of heat from the Equator to the poles by movement of air via 3 cells, Hadley, Ferrel, Polar
What conditions need to be met for a tropical storm to form?
Low wind shear
Sea temps of 27 degrees or higher
5-30 degrees N or S of the equator
How does a tropical storm form
Rising moist air cools and condenses into clouds which draw more moisture in creating thunderstorms and the rising air creates low pressure increasing winds. Low wind shear prevents clouds from breaking apart and the storm starts spinning due to the Coriolis effect where is gains more energy as it moves across the ocean
How might climate change affect tropical storms
More frequent
Distribution will change as more seas will be 27 degrees or higher
Higher intensity
What are some key features of the tropical storm
descending air at the top and rising air at the bottom
centre of the storm is the eye and the clouds on the side are the eyewall
What are evidences for climate change
Ice and Sediment Cores - measure trapped gases
Temperature Records
Pollen Analysis
Tree Rings
What are natural causes of climate change
Orbital changes which affect solar radiation
Volcanic Activity
Solar Output
What are human causes of climate change
Fossil Fuels
Farming
Deforestation
Ways to mitigate Climate Change (reduce the risk)
Carbon Capture
Planting Trees
International Agreement
Alternative Energy Production
Ways to adapt to Climate Change
Change in Agricultural Systems
Managing water supply
Reduce risk from rising sea levels
What are the effects of Climate Change
More tropical storms
Drought
Higher sea temps - decline in the fish industry in East Asia
