Unit 1A Test

Question 1

What is the bond between a sugar and phosphate called? Where is it found?

Answer 1

1) Phosphodiester bond

2) Nucleic Acids

Question 2

What is the bond between the amino group of one amino acid and carboxyl group of another acid called? Ionic or cov?

Answer 2

Peptide bond, covalent

Question 3

What is the bond between two pentose sugars called?

Answer 3

Glycosidic bond

Question 4

Bond between glycerol and 1 fatty acid chain is called…

Answer 4

… A peptide bond

Question 5

4 types of organic molecules

Answer 5

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins

Question 6

What qualities make Carbon so important in bio?

Answer 6

Can form four cov bonds and form long chains with H called hydrocarbons

C-C bond is very strong

Question 7

Is C-H polar or nonpolar?

Answer 7

Nonpolar

Question 8

Describe a dehydration rxn

Answer 8

A chemical rxn where monomers are joined together by a covalent chemical bond

MAKES H2O

Question 9

Hydrolysis

Answer 9

Water is added to polymers to break them up into monomers

Question 10

5 Props of Water

Answer 10

High heat capacity

High heat of evaporation

Solid water is less dense than liquid water

It is a universal solvent

Cohesion/adhesion

Question 11

What are enzymes and what is their use?

Answer 11

Catalyst used to carry out and speed up hydrolysis and dehydration rxns

Question 12

Carbohydrates:

1) Elements that compose them
2) Functions
3) Monomer/Polymer

Answer 12

1) CHO
2) short term nrg, building material
3) Monomer=monosacchride, Polymer=polysacchride

Question 13

Define isomer

Answer 13

Molecules with same formula but diff formation of functional groups

Question 14

What is a disacchride? Examples?

Answer 14

Two monosacchrides bonded by dehydration

Ex-lactose, sucrose

Question 15

Difference between alpha and beta glucose

Answer 15

Functional group is on same side in alpha only

Question 16

Polysacchride (what is it, give examples and their uses)

Answer 16

Polymer of monosacchrides

Chitin - in cell walls of fungi
Cellulose - cell walls in plants
Glycogen - nrg storage in animals
Starch - nrg storage in plants

Question 17

Cellulose vs starch

Answer 17

Starch- alpha glucose molecs are bonded facing same way

Cellulose - beta glucose molecs are bonded in flipping directions, making luneat chains and MANY H BONDS

Question 18

What is stronger bond wise? Starch or cellulose?

Answer 18

CELLULOSE

Linear chains produce many h-bonds

C-H bonds are also very strong

Question 19

Main elements of lipids are…., and the ratio of H-O is always….

Answer 19

C H O

2:1

Question 20

Monomers of lipids

Answer 20

Glycerol and fatty acids

Question 21

Fat functions and examples

Answer 21

Long term neg storage, insulation

Ex - butter n lard

Question 22

Oil - functs and examples

Answer 22

Long term nrg in plants

Ex-cooking oils

Question 23

Phospholipids

Answer 23

Component of plasma membrane

Ex - food additive

Question 24

What manes up a phospholipid

Answer 24

A polar phosphate head and two fatty acid tails (sat and unsat fatty acid)

Question 25

Saturated v unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 25

Unsat- one or more bonds between Carbons and are liq at room temp Sat-NO double bonds betweencarbins, solid at room temp

Question 26

Steroids

Answer 26

Plasma membrane Sex hormone regulation Ex- medications

Question 27

Waxes functions

Answer 27

Protects from water loss

Question 28

Triglycerides consist of ______ and _____ fatty acids.

Answer 28

Glycerol, 3

Question 29

Proteins: monomer and polymer

Answer 29

Amino acids, polypeptides

Question 30

Functions of proteins

Answer 30

``` Metabolism via enzymes Transportation in cells Regulation (hormones) Defense (antibodies) Suplort (keratin/collage ) Motion (microtubules) ```

Question 31

What makes up an amino acid?

Answer 31

1) Amino group 2) R group 3) Carboxyl acidic group

Question 32

What kind of bond can be found in amino acids

Answer 32

Peptide bond

Question 33

What are polypeptides?

Answer 33

Long unfolded chains of amino acids

Question 34

Four steps of forming a protei

Answer 34

1) Primary - amino acids sequenced 2) Secondary - H bonding forms alpha helices and beta pleated sheets 3) Tertiary - proteins get 3D shape 4) Quaternary - two polypeps interact to fulfill a function

Question 35

Wrong folding of a protein results in what....

Answer 35

Disease Prions

Question 36

What makes up a nucleotide?

Answer 36

Phosphate group, pentose sugar, and nitrogenous base

Question 37

What bond connects multiple nucleotides together?

Answer 37

Phosphodiester bond

Question 38

Examples of nucleic acids include

Answer 38

DNA | RNA

Question 39

Rna is used in _____ synthesis and regulates _____ expression

Answer 39

Protein Gene

Question 40

What makes up atp

Answer 40

Adenine, ribose, three phosphates

Question 41

Does atp have high or low nrg? Why?

Answer 41

HIGH NRG - phosphate bonds break easily and, when broken, produce nrg

Question 42

After the hydrolysis of atp, the result is ____ .

Answer 42

ADP

Question 43

Summarize the principles of complimentary base pairs

Answer 43

Adenine + Thymine -> Bond with 3 H-bonds Cytosine + Guanine -> Bond witn 2 H-bonds

Question 44

There are two kinds of nitrogenous bases. They are...

Answer 44

Pyrimidines and purines

Question 45

T or F - pyrimidines have three rings, hence pyramid.

Answer 45

False - they only have one ring

Question 46

Purines have ______ rings.

Answer 46

2