Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AP Biology - Austin > Unit 1B Test > Flashcards

Unit 1B Test Flashcards

(71 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Homeostasis/equilibrium

A

When concentrations are in balance; same on both sides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Diffusion

A

Particles move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area of lower concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Endocytosis

A

Takes materials into cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Exocytosis

A

Puts materials out of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Contracting vacuole

A

When a cell’s vacuole squeezes out water quickly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What Is a Channel Protein?

A

A channel protein is a protein that allows the transport of specific substances across a cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is channel protein transport?

A

The process by which molecules pass through a membrane via a channel protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Carrier-mediated transport

A

The process by which molecules pass through a membrane via a channel protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T or F - Facilitated diffusion of materials across cell membrane requires a small amount of energy

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Active transport needs energy. Why?

A

Needs energy because the transport goes against the concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Concentration gradient

A

Difference between the high concentration of particles outside the membrane and the low concentration of the particles inside.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Isotonic

A

Solute and water concentrations are equal on both sides of cellular menbrane.

NO NET GAIN OT LOSS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hypotonic

A

Concentration of solute in solution is lower than inside the cell

NET MOVEMENT OF WATER INTO CELL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define hypertonic. Where does net movement of water occur?

A

Concentation of solute is highet in solution than inside the cell.

Net movement is out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What’s the difference between carrier and transport proteins?

A

Carrier - Can have active OR passive transport

Channel - Always passive transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is one polar molecule that can squeeze through a cell membrane?

A

water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Give two reasons on why O^2 can easily pass through plasma membrane

A

1) O^2 is nonpolar

2) Is small

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

T or F - Carbon dioxide is too large to pass through membrane and must use a specific protein

A

False - Like O^2, CO^2 also passively diffuses through the cell membrane w/o cells using any energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fluid-mosaic model

A

Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins and cholesterol molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Lipid component in cell membrane is called

A

A phospholipid bilayer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cholesterol controls…. It is found …

A

Rigidity of membrane

Embedded in phospholipid bilayer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Glycoprotein and glycolipid

A

Protein with carbohydrate attached

Lipid with carbohydrate attached

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What helps your body identify your cells?

A

Glycoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Receptor proteins functions
Allow a cell to respond to signals from other cells
26
Enzymayic proteins
Catalyzes specific rxns
27
Junction proteins
Attach adjacent cells so that a tissue can fulfill a function
28
Where can cell receptor proteins be found?
On the plasma membrane or inside the cell
29
Signal transduction pathway summary
1) molecs are signalled, allowing cells to communicate with one another 2) cell receptor proteins bind to specific signaling molecules 3) Cascade of events ovcvur that result in cellular response
30
Net movement of molecs down the concetration gradient is called...
Diffusion
31
Why is diffusion important?
Allows gas exchange between the lungs, blood, and cells
32
When will osmosis occur?
When the concentration gradient created by a solute that cannot diffuse across a membrane
33
How does O^2 go from lungs, to blood, to cells?
1) Lungs take in O^2 and have a high concentration of O^2. 2) Blood low in O^2 (deoxygenated) is pumped into lungs and picks up O^2 bc oxygen follows concentration gradient down 3) Oxygen rich blood takes gas to cells, which have a lower concentration of ocygen. Diffusion of O^2 thru cell membrane and is used by cells.
34
When will net movement stop? What happens when equilibrium occur?
When two solutions reach same concentration When solutions (water) are diffusing in both directions at equal rates
35
What's an aquaporine?
Integral membrane protein that only water molecs can travel through
36
In plants, what does a hypotonic solution cause? Define this effect.
Turgor pressure, where the central vacuole fills with water and pushes against cell wall BAD FOR ANIMAL CELLS THEY'LL RUPTURE
37
Lyse
Cell rupture due to turgor pressure
38
What typically happens to animal cells in a hypertonic solution? What happens in plant cells? What is this called?
Cells will shrink, killing them. In plants, the cell membrane shrinks but the cell eall keep it in shape Plasmolysis
39
What is water potential? What is it measured in?
Measurement of the anount of free energy founf in a mole of water. Measured in bars.
40
Free energy
Amount of energy to do work
41
If water potential is low...
Water molecules will stay put
42
If water potential is high, water molecules...
When given the given opportunity, water will move elsewhere
43
What is the formula for water potential?
Pressure potential + Solute pite tial
44
When a solute is added to water to make a solution, water potential ______ and becomes _______.
Decreases, becomes negative
45
What does pressure potential measure?
How much pressure is exerted by the cell wall (due to turgidity)
46
The higher the pressure potential, the more ________ the plant cell is.
Turgid
47
How does facilitated transport work?
Utilizes membrane proteins to allow for the movement of molecules that cannont pass directly through membrane lipids
48
T or F - Facilitated transport goes against concentration gradient and requires nrg
False - Moves high to low concentrayion; no nrg req
49
What are the two main tupes of membrane proteins that perform facilitated diffusion?
Channel and carrier proteins
50
How do carrier proteins function?
Specific solutes bond to protein, changing the protein's shape. The change of shape resilts in telease of solute to othet side of membrane
51
What are two molecules that need to use carrier proteins?
Glucose | Amino acids
52
What is active transport?
Movement of molecules against concentration gradient. Requires nrg
53
What are examples of active transport?
Movement from low to high concentration or made by certain carrier proteins Ex) Sodium-potassium pump
54
Sodium-potassium pump - hoe does it work?
In neurons, the Na-K pump will use ATP to move NA into cell against concentration gradient. Binding and undbiding of phosphate from an ATP molecule changes shape of protein
55
What is a cotransporter? What is an example?
A membrane protein yhat actively transports solute against concentration gradient bu using the concentration gradieny of another solute, instead of DIRECTLY using ATP. Ex) Sucrose-H+ cotransporter
56
How are large molecules like proteins and nucleic acids able to pass in or out of cell?
Via bulk transport using vecicles
57
T or F - Forming membrane vesicles requiete energy
True
58
What is exocytosis?
When an intracellular vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane to secrete its contents out of cell
59
What organelle profuces vesicles?
Golgi body
60
What is endocytosis?
Cells take in substances by forming vesicles around a material
61
How are intracellular vesicles formed?
Formed as the plasma membrane envagnayes to envelop the substances and pinches it off.
62
What are the three types of endocytosis?
1) Phagocytosis 2) Pinocytosis 3) Receptor-mediated endocytosis
63
Phagocytosis description amd example
Large, solid matetial is talem in by endocytosis (cell eating) Ex) human white blood cells can engulf debtis or viruses
64
Pinocytosis description
Vesicles form around a liquid or very small particles (cell drinking)
65
Receptor-mediatef endocytosis description
Form of endocytosis that is specific to a certain type of molecule
66
What are two of the specific molecules that bind to a group of receptor proteins embedded in tje cell membrane? What does it initiate?
1) Vitamins or hornones | 2) initiates the endocytosis of boud substances
67
What is one example of active transport used by our cells? Describe.
Sodium-Potassium Pump Neurons move Na and K ions against their concentration gradient when firing a neurotransmitter.
68
Phosphorelation
When ATP binds to a protein and the protein is given the extra P in ATP. This is how it uses the ATP
69
Cotransporter
Membrane protein that actively transports a solute against concentration gradient by using another molecule's concentration gradient or another solute. Does not directly use ATP
70
What is one form of active transport that doesn't use ATP directly?
Contrasportation
71
Formula for finding surface area to volume ratio
SA/V

AP Biology - Austin (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions