Unit 2 Flashcards
Compiled topics
1
Q
What adult T-cell causes leukemia
A
HTLV-1
2
Q
True or False
A dengue infection with any of the serotypes provides short-term cross-reactive immunity to all four serotypes.
A
true
3
Q
This type of fungal disease causes no immune response from the host.
A
superficial mycoses
4
Q
The following viruses can be transmitted through kissing, EXCEPT…
- Mumps
- Rubella
- HIV
- Rabies
A
HIV
5
Q
HPV 16 and 18 are risk factors for the development of which cancer?
A
cervical cancer
6
Q
What CSF markers is considered the most specific for prion disease
A
PrPSc
7
Q
Which of the following is not an Ebola species?
- Tai Forest - Zaire - Sin Nombre - Reston
A
Sin Nombre
8
Q
It is the most sensitive CSF marker for prion disease
A
protein 14-3-3
9
Q
The following may be transmitted via respiratory and oral secretions, EXCEPT…
- Measles - SARS-CoV-2 - West Nile Fever - Mumps
A
West Nile Fever
10
Q
Most fungal infections are caused by members of phylum…
A
Deuteromycota
11
Q
True or false
Arthroconidia are produced only by mold forms.
A
True
12
Q
The sexual form of a fungus is referred to as
A
teleomorph
13
Q
The classification of fungi into four phyla is based on the
A
type of sexual spore
14
Q
Which of the following has hemagglutinins on the viral envelope?
- Paramyxoviridae
- Coronaviridae
- Rhabdoviridae
- Flaviviridae
A
Paramyxoviridae
15
Q
Which of the following causes cervical cancer?
- Borna disease virus
- SV40
- HTLV-1
- HPV
A
HPV
16
Q
The manifestations of Guillain-Barre syndrome are a result of
A
demyelination of nerves
17
Q
Prions may be transmitted via…
A
Ingestion if infected meat
blood transfusions
Organ transplants
18
Q
Which of the following is caused by agents that are not usually pathogenic? -endemic mycoses -superficial mycoses -opportunistic mycoses -subcutaneous mycoses dermatophytosis
A
opportunistic mycoses
19
Q
This arthropod-borne viral infection is characterized by hemorrhagic fever accompanied by crippling joint pains.
A
Chikungunya
20
Q
The following are viral infections than can infect both humans and animals, EXCEPT…
- Rabies
- Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
- Parainfluenza
- West Nile Fever
A
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
21
Q
A type of asexual spore produced by swelling of hyphal cells.
A
chlamydospore
22
Q
True or False
Endemic mycoses are most frequently acquired through skin inoculation.
A
False
23
Q
Which of the following is true about mold forms?
- produces bacteria-like colonies
- filamentous
- unicellular
- produces pseudohyphae
A
filamentous
24
Q
A type of asexual spore produced by budding and eventually pinching off a mother cell.
A
blastoconidia
25
Which of the following is a viral infection that may be diagnosed through a Pap smear?
- New Castle Disease
- Hanta Virus
- Human Papilloma Virus
- BK virus
Human Papilloma Virus
26
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is a form of
Prion disease
27
Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the yeast form?
- produce bacteria-like colonies
- unicellular
- reproduce by budding
- produce hyphae
produce hyphae
28
A fungus that can produce both yeast and mold forms is called
dimorphic
29
The presence of both yeast and mold form in the same environment is referred to as
polymorphism
30
It is associated with both a mild rash and a fatal congenital infection
Rubella
31
Which form of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy in humans is associated with mad cow disease?
variant CJD
32
Fungal infections affecting the keratinized layers of the skin, hair, and nails
dermatophytoses
33
True or False
| In fungal taxonomy and nomenclature, the anamorph name is interchangeable with the holomorph name.
False
34
Which of the following is the gold standard method for the diagnosis for prion disease?
- antigen detection of CSF protein
- anti-Prion antibody detection in serum
- Brain tissue biopsy
- prion isolation in culture
Brain tissue biopsy
35
Exanthems are associated with the following viral infections, EXCEPT…
- Rubeola
- Dengue
- Zika
- Mumps
Mumps
36
Prion diseases are diseases of the…
central nervous system
37
Also known as German Measles
Rubella
38
It demonstrates trapped ribosomes inside the capsid
arenaviruses
39
Fungi that do not have melanin in their cell walls are called…
hyaline
40
What viral family includes HIV and was named after the presence of the enzyme reverse transcriptase?
Retroviridae
41
A child suffering from fever and swelling of the parotid glands is most likely infected with which of the following viruses?
Mumps
42
The NS1 antigen detection test is a diagnostic tool for...
Dengue
43
Described as having a bullet-shaped virion.
Rhabdoviridae
44
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is caused by a variant…
Rubeola virus
45
What is the etiologic agent of Korean hemorrhagic fever?
Hantaan virus
46
Which of the following is a sexual spore?
- arthroconidia
- blastoconidia
- sporangiospores
- ascospore
ascospore
47
For which of the following Ebola virus species is a vaccine available?
- Zaire
- Sudan
- Reston
- Bundibugyo
Zaire
48
Considered the most important cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants.
RSV
49
Which of the following is the most common initial site of infection in endemic mycoses?
- brain
- intestines
- lungs
- skin
lungs
50
Also known as the tissue form, it is the most common form seen in direct microscopic exams of dimorphic fungi.
yeast
51
Koplik's spots are bluish-white lesions that appear in the…
buccal mucosa
52
The following are known to cause pneumonia, EXCEPT…
- RSV
- Parainfluenza
- Coronavirus
- HTLV
HTLV
53
True or false
| There are 5 species of Ebola viruses.
true
54
Koplik's spots appear during the prodrome stage of infection with…
rubeola
55
True or false
| Coenocytic hyphae do not have septations or cross-walls.
False
56
An infection with the following will confer type-specific lifetime immunity, EXCEPT…
- Dengue
- Rubella
- Mumps
- Ebola
Ebola
57
Encephalitis is associated with the following viral infections, EXCEPT…
- Rubeola
- Marburg virus
- West Nile fever
- Rabies
Marburg virus
58
True or false
| A second dengue infection tends to be more severe than the first due to the patient's immune response.
True
59
Fatalities due to dengue are a result of…
hemorrhage and shock
60
A type of sexual spore is born inside a sac-like structure.
ascospore
61
Croup, otherwise known as laryngotracheobronchitis, is a severe respiratory disease in children caused by…
Parainfluenza virus
62
Which animal is considered a natural reservoir of the recent Ebola outbreak?
fruit bats
63
Newcastle disease virus causes _ in humans.
| encephalitis
conjunctivitis
64
A fungus that can only reproduce through arthrospore formation would be classified under…
Deuteromycota
65
True or false
| Humans are dead-end hosts for the dengue virus.
false
66
When a holomorph has two anamorphs, the two asexual forms of the fungus are referred to as...
synanamorphs
67
Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE regarding fungi?
- all fungi can reproduce asexually
- some fungi are facultatively anaerobic
- Fungi are non-photosynthetic organisms
- Fungi are prokaryotic
Fungi are prokaryotic
68
Electron microscopy revealed filamentous viruses from a patient suffering from massive internal bleeding. Which of the following viruses is the most probable etiologic agent?
Marburg virus
69
It is described as thread-like and pleomorphic
Filoviridae
70
```
True or false
Members of class division Deuteromycota are anamorphic fungi
```
True
71
Forchheimer spots are petechial spots found in the soft palate of individuals infected with...
Rubella virus
72
True or false
| The sylvan cycle occurs among hosts in a forest or jungle environment.
True
73
A type of fungal infection caused by species usually considered normal flora.
opportunistic mycoses
74
Ebola virus has been found in monkeys and pigs but is not known to produce hemorrhagic disease in humans?
Reston
75
it was previously suspected of causing neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder?
Borna disease virus
76
Zika virus is transmitted by mosquitoes from the genus…
Aedes
77
An infection characterized by fungal invasion of the deeper skin layers, muscle, and connective tissue.
subcutaneous mycoses
78
The following statements are true about fungi, EXCEPT…
- eukaryotic
- chitinous cell walls
- autotrophic
- aerobic
autotrophic
79
viral genera are associated with skin warts
Papillomavirus
80
Rabies disease is a form of ...
encephalitis
81
The following are arthropod-borne viruses, EXCEPT…
- Chikungunya
- Zika virus
- Marburg virus
- West Nile fever virus
Marburg virus
82
True or false
| Prion diseases are always fatal.
True
83
The vegetative hyphae…
absorb nutrients from the substrate
84
a most suitable example of an amplifying host for a vector-borne virus
rat
85
The causative agent of COVID-19 is officially named…
SARS-CoV-2
86
it is identified through electron microscopy as demonstrating large, petal-like peplomers
Coronavirus
87
The following are rodent-borne hemorrhagic fever viruses, EXCEPT…
- Lassa Virus
- Hantavirus
- Junin Virus
- Rabies Virus
Rabies Virus
88
Negri bodies are eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions found in nerve cells, the presence of which indicates an infection with…
Rabies
89
Polyomavirus that is associated with brain tumors, bone tumors, and mesotheliomas?
SV40 Virus
90
Sparsely septate hyphae are also known as…
coenocytic
91
the arthropod-borne virus causing fever, rash, and conjunctivitis among infected patients and is also associated with congenital infections leading to microcephaly?
Zika Virus
92
Hallucinations and hydrophobia are associated with…
Rabies
93
A large vertebrate that is an ineffective source of arbovirus infection due to low levels of viremia is referred to as a/an…
dead-end host
94
The antibody-dependent enhancement theory by Halstead is a proposed explanation about the mechanisms involved in severe...
Dengue
