Unit 2

Question 1

Arithmetic Population Density

Answer 1

total population/area
numerical distribution

Question 2

Physiological Population Density

Answer 2

total population/arable land
shows a place’s carrying capacity

Question 3

Agricultural Population Density

Answer 3

number of farmers/arable land

Question 4

Carrying Capacity

Answer 4

number of people a place can support without damage to the environment
higher population density puts more strain
environmental conditions influence

Question 5

Baby Boom

Answer 5

When the birth rate spikes, usually after a war or a time of economic abundance

Question 6

Baby bust

Answer 6

After a boom, when birth rates are lower
Continues until boomers have children

Question 7

Echo

Answer 7

When baby boomers have a lot of children after a bust

Question 8

Dependency Ratio

Answer 8

The ratio between people ages 15 and below and people ages 65+ in a specific country

Question 9

CBR

Answer 9

Crude birth rate
Number of live births per year per 1000 people

Question 10

TFR

Answer 10

Total fertility rate
Average number of children per woman in her childbearing years

Question 11

IMR

Answer 11

Infant mortality rate
Number of infants who die before turning one per 1000 people

Question 12

CDR

Answer 12

Crude death rate
Number of people who die per year per 1000 people

Question 13

RNI

Answer 13

Rate of Natural Increase
Rate at which a country is growing or shrinking without influence of migration

Question 14

Population Doubling Time

Answer 14

Projected amount of time it will take for a country’s population to double

Question 15

DTM

Answer 15

Demographic Transition Model
Model that shows how population develops as a country develops
Has 5 stages of population change

Question 16

Stage 1 (DTM)

Answer 16

High birth and death rates and low RNI
Young population
Hunting-gathering, some agriculture
Isolated and scattered groups

Question 17

Stage 2 (DTM)

Answer 17

High birth rate and declining death rate and high RNI
Young population
Rural agricultural society

Question 18

Stage 3 (DTM)

Answer 18

Birth and death rates both declining and high RNI
Young population
Urbanization and emerging economy
Rapid but slowing population growth

Question 19

Stage 4 (DTM)

Answer 19

Birth rate continues dropping and death rate is low and a lower RNI
Low population growth
Urbanization and highly developed with rising gender equality

Question 20

Stage 5 (DTM)

Answer 20

Birth rate lower than death rate and a negative RNI
Population is old and declining
Urbanized service economy and highly developed

Question 21

Demographic momentum

Answer 21

From Stage 3 to 4, there is still population growth because even though fertility is decreasing, life expectancy is increasing

Question 22

ETM

Answer 22

Epidemiological Transition Model
Extension of DTM that shows causes of deaths through 5 stages

Question 23

Stage 1 (ETM)

Answer 23

Pestilence and Famine
Parasitic and infectious diseases
High death rate and low life expectancy

Question 24

Stage 2 (ETM)

Answer 24

Receding Pandemics
Number of pandemics goes down due to improved sanitation & medicine
Death rate starts to decrease and life expectancy starts to increase

Question 25

Stage 3 (ETM)

Answer 25

Degenerative Diseases Diseases related to aging and heart diseases start to become a problem Death rate stabilizes at a low level and life expectancy increases

Question 26

Stage 4 (ETM)

Answer 26

Delayed Degenerative Diseases Extension of Stage 3 however new medical procedures are able to delay some diseases Death rate at its lowest and life expectancy at a peak

Question 27

Stage 5 (ETM)

Answer 27

Reemergence of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Some bacteria become resistant to medicine and infectious and parasitic diseases are stronger Life expectancy decreases

Question 28

Malthusian Theory

Answer 28

Malthus believed that food production would increase linearly and population would increase exponentially Concluded that we would reach a crisis point in which the global population would be unsupportable

Question 29

Antinatalist Policies

Answer 29

Policies attempting to slow population growth

Question 30

Pronatalist Policies

Answer 30

Policies that encourage population growth

Question 31

Baby Girls at Risk

Answer 31

In several countries, some females are "missing" due to a gender preference for males

Question 32

Sex Ratio

Answer 32

The number of males per 100 females Usually around 105:100 Higher in places like China and India

Question 33

Causes of Aging Population

Answer 33

Longer life expectancy and lower birth rates Improvements in healthcare and eldercare Changing attitudes about family size

Question 34

Impacts of aging population: political

Answer 34

Old people vote differently than young people Retirees are more likely to vote and their voice becomes a big influence

Question 35

Impacts of aging population: social

Answer 35

Families face more challenges with caring for elderly members Retired grandparents help raise grandchildren

Question 36

Impacts of aging population: economic

Answer 36

Increased cost of caring for the elderly Many jobs are created in healthcare

Question 37

Voluntary migration

Answer 37

A move made by choice

Question 38

Push factors

Answer 38

Negative things about a place people live that makes them want to leave

Question 39

Pull factors

Answer 39

Positive things about a place that make people want to move there

Question 40

Economic Push Factors

Answer 40

Increasing unemployment Less need for manual labor like farmers

Question 41

Economic Pull Factors

Answer 41

New factories Large cities with more economic opportunity

Question 42

Social Push Factors

Answer 42

Violence towards a certain religion or race

Question 43

Social Pull Factors

Answer 43

Isolation and agricultural opportunities

Question 44

Political Push Factors

Answer 44

Jailing for speaking out against the government Government persecution War

Question 45

Political Pull Factors

Answer 45

Government with protective rights Country that lets you set up a government in exile

Question 46

Environmental Push Factors

Answer 46

Drought and loss of farms Natural disaster Released radiation

Question 47

Environmental Pull Factors

Answer 47

Work not affected by drought Safe place from natural disasters Cities

Question 48

Intervening Obstacle

Answer 48

Barrier that makes it harder to migrate

Question 49

Intervening Opportunity

Answer 49

Opportunities on the way that disrupt the plan (like a new job)

Question 50

Forced Migration

Answer 50

Migration where migrants have no choice but to move

Question 51

IDP

Answer 51

Internally Displaced Person Someone forced to move who doesn't leave the country

Question 52

Refugee

Answer 52

Someone forced to move who does leave the country

Question 53

Asylum

Answer 53

Protection from one country to an immigrant if they could legitimately be harmed or killed by the country of origin

Question 54

Transhumance

Answer 54

Herders moving with their animals to different pastures with the change of season

Question 55

Xenophobia

Answer 55

Strong dislike of people from a different culture The US Chinese Exclusion Act

Question 56

Brain drain

Answer 56

When migration is composed of highly skilled people and a lot of intelligence leaves the country

Question 57

Demography

Question 58

Population Distribution

Question 59

Physical Factors Influencing Population

Question 60

Ecumene

Answer 60

The portion of the earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement

Question 61

Human Factors Influencing Population

Question 62

Agglomeration

Question 63

Population Distribution at a Global Scale

Question 64

Population Distribution at a National Scale

Question 65

Population distribution at a Local Scale

Question 66

Arable Land

Answer 66

Farmable Land