Unit 2 Flashcards
(106 cards)
1
Q
What did we win from the revolutionary war
A
US indepedence
2
Q
the 2nd continental congress advised who?
A
The colonies to form a new individual state government.
3
Q
What were the 3 truths?
A
- the founders were not sure how to make a federal government.
- No one wanted a government with larger power
- no sense of nationalism and the states weren’t united.
4
Q
What were the first freedoms
A
- freedom of worship/religion
- freedom of political thought
- social mobility (the poor can become rich)
5
Q
Who gave us checks and balances?
A
Montesquieu, he believed that the king had to much power
6
Q
Who thought people were born as a blank slate?
A
John locke
7
Q
Who believed in a social contract?
A
Rousseau,
8
Q
What came first, state governments or state governments?
A
State governments (question on the test)
9
Q
what did the social contract say?
A
-people should have a voice
-legislature should be elected by the people
- balanced government
10
Q
quote
A
“primary power at the state level, not the federal level
11
Q
There was a fear of centralized power so how did states start to become independent?
A
- states issued its own money
- taxing its own citizens
- competing with other states for westward land.
12
Q
what was the solution to the states being independent?
A
Creating the articles of Confederation (1773)
13
Q
What were some things on the articles of confederation?
A
- our first constitution (war time document)
- created a national federation gov.
- each state had one vote
14
Q
in the AOC the legislature could..
A
-Raise an amry
- borrow money
- declare war or peace
15
Q
IN the AOC the legislature could not..
A
-Impose taxes (raise money)
- regulate commerce (trade)
- Appoint an executive leader
- pass laws without unanimous consent
WILL BE ON THE TEST
16
Q
For any law to pass you need how many votes
A
13 and unanimous
17
Q
how much money was the US in debt after the war?
A
Billions
18
Q
Since the federal government could not tax the states to pay off the debt what did they do?
A
Congress printed its own money “Continentals” oft money
19
Q
Who was shay
A
A farmer
20
Q
Since the federal government could not tax the states to pay off the debt what did they do?
A
Congress printed its own money, “Continentals” money
21
Q
Why couldnt massachsetts farmers pay their debt
A
becuase they had no more hard cash since they were supporting the federal government
22
Q
if you had no money to pay your debt what were your options?
A
- lose the farm
- debtors prision (Jail)
23
Q
What did Daniel shay and others forcibly do?
A
closed the courthouses to prevent more farms from being sold
24
Q
A convention was called in 1787 for what?
A
to amend (fix) the articles of confederation
25
What was the FIRST US captial
Philadelphia
26
What was the intent of the convention of 1787?
1. modify AOC and decide how much power the national gov gets
27
What was the Virgina plan?
1. get rid of AOC
2. create a strong central gov
- 3 branches
- Bicameral(2 house) legislature
- representation based on population
28
What was the new jersey plan?
New jersey agreed with getting rid of the AOC and a strong gov. but they wanted a one house legislature with equal rep.
29
What was the great compromise?
maddision came up with a compromise that consists of a 2 house congress. The house of rep- lower house 9based on pop). Senate- upper house (based on equal)
30
At the convention what did they throw out, get rid of?
the AOC, overthrew the government.
31
The offical federal government would have 3 branches. what were they? and what did they do?
- Legislature (2 house congress/make federal law
- Excecutive (president/ enforce federal law)
- Judical (courts/rule on federal law issues.
32
what does the president do?
president/enforce federal law
33
what does the legislature do?
2 house congress/ make federal laws
34
What does the Judical gov do?
courts/ rule n federal law issues.
35
the division of power created a
compromise
36
After the convention ends what do they need to do?
ratify the new document. 9 States had to ratify this time. the Delegates had to sell their idea
37
A lot of states wanted what to be in the constitution?
Bill of rights
38
their were 2 groups arguing about the document, What did the federalist believe?
- supported the constitution
- wanted a strong federal gov
- loose interpretation of the law
- AGAINST the bill of rights in the consitution
39
Who were some famous federalist
- Alexander Hamilton
- james madison
- John Jay
40
What did the anti federalist believe?
bullet points in reverse
-people agains the consitution
- wanted a weak federal gov
- strict interpretation of the law
- FOR the bill of rights in the consititution
41
fun fact question
What did george washington tell everyone not to do?
he said not to create political parties becuase the economy would fail
42
Who were famous anti federalist?
-Thomas jefferson
-Samuel Adams
- John Handcock
43
Anti federalist and federalist were the forst what
Political parties
44
All 13 states agreed to the constitution if what was in it?
the bill of rights
45
How long did it take for all 13 states to be on board with the constitution
4 years
46
How many states were on board with the constitution at first and how long did it take?
9 states and it took 9 months.
47
What does the federal government have power of?
1.Raise armed forces
2. coin money
3. establish foreign policy
4. levy taxes (tax the people)
5. establish courts
48
What does the states government have power of?
1. Establish schools
2. conduct elections
3. levy taxes (tax the people)
4. establish courts
5. retain all other power not granted to the federal government.
49
What was the supremacy clause in the constitution?
The Supreme clause says if the federal government has a law and the states have a law, then the federal law is more important. "the federal law will be the supreme law of the land"
50
What was the elastic clause in the constitution?
The Elastic clause allows congress to make laws as they go as they see needed. (allows congress to exert power in ways not outlined in the constitution)
51
Who has more power state or federal
federal
52
Who makes up the first offical cabinet
John adams
thomas jefferson
alexander hamalton
53
how much war debt did we need to pay off and what was the break down?
77 million
12 M for foreign nation
40 M to individual Americans
25M in individual state war debt
54
what did Hamilton economic policy consist of?
1. pay off the war debt
2. Establish the bank
55
Southern states already paid their war debt and had to pay the Northern state's debt too (part of economic policy). what was the compromise
they moved the US capital to Virginia Washington DC
56
what did the estbalished bank do
1. provide economic stability (one form of currency)
2. their was only 1 bank
3. loaned people money
57
The US becomes inspiration for who
The french
58
France and britian go to war so who does the US side with?
jefferson says to support france but adam and hamilton says to support britain.
Washington says the US will stay Neutral
59
How many terms did washington serve?
2
60
What was washingtons advice before he left
"stay out of affairs of foreign nations" "avoid creating political parties"
61
Who was the second president and VP
John adams (pres.)
thomas jefferson (Vp)
62
Who was the 3rd pres and VP
thomas jefferson (pres.)
aaron burr (VP)
63
While expanding the US Jefferson offers napolean what? What were the deals?
10 Million dollars for new orleans but instead
napoleon offered all of louisiana plus new orleans for 15 Million dollars
64
Who went to go explore the new land from the purchase from napoleon
Lewis and clark and 45 other explores
65
what were lewis and clark hired to do
1. establish relations with native americans
2. describe wildlife
3. making maps of the region
66
who did the US go against in the war of 1812
britian
67
What was the war of 1812?
british continues policy of impressment (kidnapping US soliders and making them work for the british navy). Jefferson signs the embargo act making trade with britain stop (punishment). His plan backfires becuase it slows down the economy like merchants and farmers.
68
Why do we declare war on britain in 1812?
Because we believed that the british was helping the native americans while the US settlers were moving westward.
69
Who wins the war of 1812?
US wins the war of 1812 on the land of new orleans
70
what was considered a territory?
- when 5,000 male adults moved to the area.
71
When could a territory apply to become a state?
1. the population rose to 60,000
2. it drafted a state constitution
3. it elected its own officals
72
What were the 4 previsions of the missouri compromise ?
1. Missouri is a slave state
2. Main would be a free state
3. region of the North 36-30 latitude = free states/soil
4. Region South of 36-30 latitude =slave states
73
What did the Monroe doctrine say
A message to the european powers saying any foreign military presence in western hemisphere would be considered a threat to the US. They warned spain who was trying to colonize south america and the caribbean because we didnt want them to trade with the natives.
74
What was the earliest form of transportation
by foot, roads, rivers
75
by 1810 what mode of transportation was availible
steamboats that could not travel upstream
76
after the steam engine what did we create
canals (man made rivers)
77
After making the steam engines and canals what else did we make? and what was its benefits
A train
1. shipping goods and carrying passangers
2. made investors and merhants rich
3. created 1000s of jobs.
78
name changes that are foregin policy.
- Monroe doctrine
- US british naval agreement
- set us canada border
- received florida from spain
Foreign policy means theirs other nations involved
79
name changes that are domestic policy
-The american system/ new transportation systems (tariffs)
- missouri compromise
- issues regarding slavery
domestic policy is only concerned with the people in our country.
80
Who was the war hero of 1812
Andrew Jackson
81
What did andrew jackson think himself as
"a man of the people"
82
Who started the indian removal act
Andrew jackson
83
What was the indian removal act?
removal of Native americans from florida and georgia to oklahoma, took the trail of tears.
(Most people did not go willingly and wrote to congress or the supreme court and won the case but lost)
84
what is the trail of tears?
a trail the Natives took that was aout 1000 miles and 4000 died along the way.
85
What does the embargo act also lead the US to
learning how to make their own cloth to make clothes because we used to buy the cloth from Europe
86
The Northern states have always struggled making money unlike the South but what helps them
Manufacturing
87
Who was Francis Cabot lowell?
Moved to massachusetts and built the first textile factory.
88
the success of lowell's factory launched what
the AMERICAN industrial revolution
(WRITE AMERICAN ON THE TEST)
89
Who did factory workers consist of? why?
- mostly women and daughters/children and failed farmers.
They have a lot of children work in factories becuase they have tiny hands to fix things but as soon as they were no longer of use (hurt) they were unemployed
90
Who comes to the US looking for jobs and why is this a problem?
germany and ireland were doing bad economically and so they came to the US for work. They worked on low wages which means it would save the owner money to hire people who wanted low wage
91
What did Eli whitney create
the cotton gin (deseed a cotton in an instant)
South used to grow tobacco and grain foods but now its just cotton because it makes more money.
92
because we are making a lot of profit from cotton what does the south enforce
the south uses more slave labor to make moree profit
93
How did the slaves resist slavery during cotton era?
By using an underground railroad.
94
Who was harriet tubman
Harriet tubman led this act and helped 300 slaves escape. Abolitionist helped slaves escape to the north as well
95
What other resistances could slaves do
1. strange work slowdowns
2.breaking tools
3. fake illnesses
4. set fires.
96
What was the idea of manifest destiny
1. US was superior
2. occupied the right to conquer/invade all of North America
3. God invented the US to expand west
97
After trying to conquer the west land (MD) the Americans believed what?
1. the Lands population would lessen
2. lands would create new markets (new towns)
3. lands would expand farmland.
98
Mexico wins independence from spain and texas was part of mexico. texas won independence from mexico because they did not like their leader. What is the outcome of this? Who does texas decide to side with?
Texas applies in the US to become a state of the US. Mexico is mad start to fight, so the US declares war on Mexico, also bc american people lived in texas. we won the war
99
What was the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
a treaty for the US to control multiple states INCLUDING TEXAS.
100
How much did we pay for texas from mexico?and why?
15 Million and to keep mexico as a future trading partner
101
why did people move to oregon?
for the oregon trail
not to sure
102
Why did people want to move to california
for GOLD the gold rush started
103
Why was people moving west good
it lessened population in other cities
104
Who proposed the compromise of 1850?
henry Clay
105
What did the compromise of 1850 consist of?
1. California admitted as a free state
2. Utah and New mexico decide for themselves
3. Slave trading outlawed in Washington DC
4. Federal marshals would help capture fugitive slaves.
All of this was AFTER WE GET NEW STATES , Missouri compromise was before.
106
Which piece of legislation breaks the missouri compromise?
The compromise of 1850
