unit 8 Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
What was the military/ war dept changed to in 1947?
A
dept of Defense
2
Q
Whats a joint cheifs of staff
A
leaders part of the military
3
Q
What is the NSC and what do they do
A
the national security Council and they adivse the president on military strategic matters.
4
Q
What did the House of un-american activities committee do? HUAC
A
They investigated political ties of
-peace org
-The Hollywood 10
-Liberal political groups
- Labor unions
5
Q
What was the hollywood 10 accused of? what happened to them?
A
sneaking communist ideas into films.
they went to jail
6
Q
What does it mean when the hollywood 10 were blacklisted
A
they were denied work careers and their reputation was destroyed
7
Q
what is Alger Hiss being accused of? Who investigated him?
A
accused of being a spy for russia.
He was investigated by HUAC and Richard Nixon
- taken to jail for 5 years
8
Q
What were Jullus and ethel roseberg accused of?
A
giving soviets atomic secrets in ww2.
9
Q
What is mccarthyism
A
an idea that communist org. in the US are planning to overthrow the gov.
ruined many careers
mccarthy the one with the list of people
10
Q
fact
A
Hydrogen bomb
- both US and socviets had them
- 1000x more powerful than Hiroshima
11
Q
What was the 1st space satellite
A
Sputnik
12
Q
What did the US launch to top the soviets .
A
Explorer 1, 1st US satellite
13
Q
What did James A van Allen discover with the Explorer 1
A
he discovered a raditation belt surrounding earth. THis protects us from the sun
14
Q
What does NASA stand for
A
national Aeronautics & space Admin
15
Q
Who was Dwight D Eisenhower
A
a supreme allied commander in Europe, wants to become president
16
Q
Why validates Dwight D Eisenhower become president
A
He has nixon as VP
Nixon was trustworthy since he had more experience in politics
17
Q
What did the 22nd amendment do
A
set presidents to a 2 term limit
18
Q
What did Eisenhower do his first term
A
- Consensus decision making
- signed Atomic energy act
19
Q
What was the Consensus decision making
A
management style on a group to solve problems
20
Q
what was the atomic energy act
A
allowed private companies to operate nuclear power plants
21
Q
What was the first nuclear power plant built
Test answer
A
Arco, idaho
22
Q
How does Eisenhower easily win his 2nd term
test answer
A
through a slogan
peace- progress - prosperity
(PPP)
23
Q
What did Eisenhower believe in? what did he create?
A
paving the highways. he created federal interstate highway system
24
Q
What did the federal interstate highway system do
A
faster transportation and creates highways that go through the US
25
What did congress approve vs what they spent for the highway system
approved : 32 Bill
Actual cost : 80 Bill
26
What did Ikes (eisenhower) legacy include
- extended social security benefits to more people
- increased minimum wage from .75 to $1
- increased federal financing (lowered interest rates)
27
Why did nixon lose the election in 1960
TV did him wrong, it was streamed on TV and nixon looked really tired and sick while Kennedy was young, tanned, and rested
28
what was final votes for JFK and nixon in the election? was it close?
it was close
Nixon = 49.5%
JFK = 49.7%
29
Why were their claims of fruad in the election in 1960? who was the culprit?
over 100,000 votes were from Chicago and texas. Culprit was Joe kennedy
30
What was Jim crow laws
outlined segregation, forced seperation of racial groups in public areas
- schools
-public transportation
- resturants
31
What was the dred scott vs sandford case about?
dred scott and his wife Harriet (legal slaves) sued for their freedom after living in a number of free states
32
What was the outcome of the dred scott vs standford case?
Supreme court - 7-2
- Salves were considered legal property
- no slave could be a US citizen so they shouldnt even be able to sue bc they are a citizen
33
What was the Plessy vs ferguson case about?
Plessy who was 1/8th african american and was visually white was send to jail for sitting in the "whites only" railroad.
34
What was the outcome of the plessy vs ferguson case?
the people had SEPARATE BUT EQUAL RIGHTS on the interstate railroads. This did not go against the 13th and 14th amendment.
35
What is the 13th amendment
Abolition of slavery
36
What is the 14th amendment
Rights of the citizens
37
What did plessy vs ferguson case justify
Segregation in:
- housing
- Resturants
- Public pools
- public schools
38
What was the Brown vs Board of education case about?
7 yr old Linda Brown was forced to ride a bus 5 miles to school (bc it was an all blacks school) vs their was a all whites school only 10 min from her house.
39
What was the outcome of the brown vs board of education case?
Linda brown wins the case 9-0
they declared racial segregation in education was unconstitutional.
overturned Plessy vs ferguson.
40
What was significant about Brown vs board of education
racial segregation is unconstitutional
41
What resistance to brown did the south do?
- KKK reemerges (arson, rape, and lynching)
- white students refuse to go to school
- southern legislators passed 450 laws trying to prevent enforcement
42
What was the most significant victory of the civil Rights movement?
test answer
The 1964 civil rights ACT:
1. allowed the Fed gov. to sue city schools refusing to integrate
2. Ended segregation in all public facilities.
3. Regulated fair employment hiring facilities
43
What was the crisis at central HS in little rock about?
Little rock 9 had to be protected by federal troops (forced integration)
44
What was the 24th amendment
Abolition of federal poll tax: Forbids gov. to impose taxes on voting
45
What restricted/ discouraged blacks from voting in 1965 after the 24th amendment
1. Pay a local city poll tax financial
2. fill out a registration form (literacy)
3. take a constitution test (education)
46
What was kennedy's foreign policy
test answer
- followed cold war policies of Eisenhower - continued nuclear-armed build-up
- ADDED Felxible response: strengthen military and establish Green Berlets (to help keep communism at bay)
- Established a peace corps - help developing countries resist communism
47
What was the Bay of Pigs
48
What did Fidel Castro do in Cuba
Establishes a communist dictatorship
49
What did the Bay of Pigs result in
Castro siding more with the soviets and people thinking we picked a bad president
50
Whst did NIkita Khrushcehev do in Berlin
Put up a wall to seperate east and west berlin , so people couldnt escape.
the wall remained for 3 decades
51
What was the Cuban missile crisis about
1962, soviets built nuclear missile sites in cuba, so for 13 days in october we blockade cuba from get resources in or out from the soviets unless they take the missiles out of cuba.
52
What was the cold wars greatest crisis
test answer
the cuban missile crisis
53
How did the cuban missile crisis end
the soviets admitted that they put missiles in cuba bc the US had them in turkey (for them). so they made a deal, we remove them from turkey and they removed them from cuba, we did.
54
Why did france want to keep Vietnam under their control
becuase they had valuble resources like tin, rice, and rubber.
55
What happened sept 2 1945 in vietnam
Vietminh army leader Ho chi minh declared independence from french colonial rule.
56
Who does the US support between France and vietnam and why
we support france bc we care more about containment of communism.
france is also a stronger ally when it comes to the cold war
57
How much do we spend to support france through the conflict
2.6 Bill.
58
in 1954 what does france decide to do
they decide to quit (surrender) the fight for vietnam to have their independence.
59
What was the agreement between vietnam and France
context forces are everywhere trying to defend themselves
1. Vietminh forces withdraw to the North (of the 17th parallel)
2.France withdraws from the south (of the 17th parallel)
60
Who was put in charge of the south for 2 years before relections
Ngo Dinh Diem
61
what was the line name between north and south viet?
17th parallel
62
What was the plan between France and viet?
to reunify after the elections of 1956.
63
Why does the US disagree with the plan between france and viet?
1. it supports communism
2. containment (Domino effect: other nations will follow)
3. US wants to keep open markets with all of southeast asia.
64
What does diem do in 1956?
cancels the promised election and ho chi minh is not happy about it
65
diem notes
- anti communist
- corrupt / family members political jobs
- catholic/ nothing like his country men (buddist)
- imprisoned citizens who spoke out against him
66
What is the NLF and who formed it
rebels (communist) in South vietnam formed the National Liberation Front
67
Who were the vietcong
vietnam rebels (went against diem)
68
What did the vietcong want
- Independence
- reunification
- Economic reform
(IRE)
69
What was JFK's plan for vietnams conflict and with diem
1. strengthen the south viet army - sends US tech and 16,000 military advisors
2. forces Diem to make political and economic reforms
70
Who was quang duc
the first buddhist monk to set himself on fire to protest againt diems policies.
71
What happened Nov 22nd ?
JFK is assassinated in the USS 3 weeks after diem was assassinated
72
In order for Ho chi minh to get control of vietnam what did he do
-vietcong force attack US military bases in pleiku (operation Rolling Thunder)
73
When was MLK assasinated and where
April 1968
74
When does the paris peace talks begin
May 1968
75
When was robert F kennedy assasinated
June 1968
76
who was elected the 37t president in November
Ricchard Nixon
77
What happened in October of 1968
Summer Olympic games in mx city
78
During the peace talks what did each party need to bring to the table?
- the US/S. viet" wants vietcong to leave South vietnam.
- North viet./vietcong: wants the US to leave and vietcong to help establish a new gov in the south.
79
what was Nixons answer to setting peace in vietname
Vietnamization: South vietnamese soilders are going to take place of the american soilders.
80
What is the Nixon doctrine
important
Using the idea of vietnamization, the US would no longer protect allies militarily from communist .... but would give them weapons and money.... but allies fight for themselves
81
What was the NYTtimes secret dept memo
"vietnam is not about defeating communism any longer, its about avoiding humiliating defeat"
82
Why does the vietnam war end
it ends due to the fact Johnson wanted to just not lose the war not becuase he wanted to defeat communism. Many people in the public are mad bc many people and family members died
83
Whats the final agreement in the 1963 peace talks
1. the US widthdrawls troops (get back P.O.W)
2. Vietcong : stays in South, and helps rebuild a new gov.
3. AGREED TO A CEASE FIRE (SUSPENSION OF FIGHTING)
84
What was the fall of siagon
Our (US) last footsteps leaving vietnam were in saigon. many southern vietnamese citizens wanted to get on the ships leaving becuase they knew a civil war was going to break out
85
Where does fighting break out in vietnam during the fall of sigon
- North and south vietnam
- LAOS
- Cambodia
vietnam ended up in ruins
86
Why did americans become frustrated with president carter
becuase of his inability to solve nation problems:
1. the energy crisis
2. a high unemployment
3. Iran hostage crisis (444 days)
87
What did ronald reagan believe about the government
They are suppose to help along side us not dictate to us
88
What is supply-side economics
- trickle down therory
- people spending their savings on new businesses and consumer spending
- congress. approving of 3 yr/25% federal tax cuts
89
What is trickle-down theory?
lowering the top income tax rates for business and independence would spur the economy.
90
what did regan economics consist of
suppy side econ
- business deregulation
-increase military spending
91
to save and cut on gov. spending what did regan do
Regan cut funding to the contras war against Nicaragua sandinista gov. but gov officials sold weapons to help fund them.
92
who directed the secret weapon selling?
Lt. colonel oliver north
93
What was regan admins most serious crisis
test question
the iran contra affair
94
what was the most significant achievement of Reagans 2nd term
test question
the dramatic easing of cold war tensions with the soviets
95
blank is
an easing of tensions
Detente
96
blank is , a restructuring of the Russian economy
russia is going from communist to more democratic
Perestroika
97
blank is apolicy of openess and freedom for the soviet people
Glastnost
98
What did the US and USSR sign in 1987
Intermediate range nuclear forces (INF) treaty
99
What did the INF do
eliminates nuclear weapons in Europe and soviets withdrawal troops from Afghanistan
