Unit 2

Question 1

5 parts of the animal cells

Answer 1

Nucleus Mitochondria Ribosomes Cell membrane Cytoplasm

Question 2

8 parts of plant cells

Answer 2

Nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, cell membrane, cytoplasm, permanent vacuole, chloroplasts, cell wall

Question 3

Function of cell wall

Answer 3

. Stops cell from bursting when filled with water
. Supports and strengthens cell

Question 4

Function of vacuole

Answer 4

. Contains cells sap (salts +sugars) -> mantainx firmness of cells

Question 5

Function of cell membrane

Answer 5

. Keeps contents of cell inside
. Controls movement os substances into and out of the cells

Question 6

Function of nucleus

Answer 6

. Stores DNA
. Controls all activities in cell + how it develops

Question 7

Function of cytoplasm

Answer 7

. Where many chemical reactions take place

Question 8

Bacterial/circular DNA

Answer 8

. Controls cell activity + replication

Question 9

Plasmids

Answer 9

. Small loops of extra DNA

Question 10

Function of chloroplasts

Answer 10

. Contains chlorophyll
. Where phtosynthesis happens
. Stores starch

Question 11

3 parts of an animal cell visible under a microscope

Answer 11

. Nucleus
. Cytoplasm
. Cell wall

Question 12

Function of ribosomes

Answer 12

. Site of protein synthesis (make proteins)

Question 13

Function of mitochondria

Answer 13

Carries out aerobic respiration to release energy

Question 14

Function of cilliated cells

Answer 14

Movement of mucus in trachea and bronchi

Question 15

Adaptation of cilliated cells

Answer 15

Small cilia that line the exposed surface can waft back and forwards, The cilia are long and thin so that lots of them can waft at the same time

Question 16

Function of root hair cells

Answer 16

Absorption of ions and water

Question 17

Adaptation of root hair cells

Answer 17

. They have lots of mitochondria to provide energy for active transport
. They have a long extension to maximise the surface area available for uptake

Question 18

Function of palisade mesphyll cells

Answer 18

. To absorb light and carry photosynthesis

Question 19

Adaptations of palisade mesophyll cells

Answer 19

. Contain lots of chloroplasts to carry out photosynthesis
. Cell wall made of cellulose
. Thin cell wall to minimise the diffusion distance
. Vacuole filled with cell sap

Question 20

Sepcialised cells

Answer 20

. Have structure that enables them to carry out a particular function

Question 21

Image size

Answer 21

Magnification X actual size

Question 22

Magnification

Answer 22

Image size DIVIDED BY actual size

Question 23

Actual size

Answer 23

Image size DIVIDED BY magnification

Question 24

Function of neurones (nerve cells)

Answer 24

. Conduction of electrical impulses from one part of the body to another

Question 25

Adaptations of neurones

Answer 25

. Ends contain neurotransmitters to send impulses to other neurones . Extensiom of the cytoplasm like wires . Thin to transmit impulses faster

Question 26

Function of red blood cells

Answer 26

Transport of oxygen around the body

Question 27

Adaptations of red blood cells

Answer 27

. No nucleus . Contain lots of haemoglobin to carry oxygen . Biconcave shape giving a large surface area . Thin membrane to minimise the diffusion distance for gases

Question 28

Function of sperm cells

Answer 28

. To travel to, penetrate and fertilise egg cell

Question 29

Adaptation of sperm cell

Answer 29

. They contain a long tail to help it swim to the egg . They have a middle section containing lots of Mitochondria which provide the cell with energy for swimming to the egg . Head contains nucleus

Question 30

Function of egg cell

Answer 30

. To fuse with sperm cell for reproduction

Question 31

Adaptations of egg cell

Answer 31

. Haploid nucleus . Lots of nutrients in cytoplasm to support the egg until it reaches the womb . Large surface area

Question 32

Function of xylem cell

Answer 32

. Transports water and nutrients

Question 33

Adaptations of xylem cell

Answer 33

. Have a hollow tube . Contain lingin

Question 34

Tissues

Answer 34

Many of the same type of cell working together to carry out a specific functiom

Question 35

Organs

Answer 35

Several tissues working together to carryout a specific function

Question 36

Organ system

Answer 36

Different organs working together to perform body functions