Unit 7

Question 1

What is a balanced diet?

Answer 1

One which provides the right amount of each nutrient and energy for a person’s need

Question 2

The 7 types of nutrients

Answer 2

Carbohydrates
Lipids (fats and oils)
Fibre
Minerals
Vitamins
Water
Proteins

Question 3

Carbohydrates: examples and use in body

Answer 3

Examples:
- Pasta, rice, bread, potatoes
Use in body:
- Provides energy

Question 4

Lipids (fats and oils): examples and use in body

Answer 4

Examples:
- Butters, oils
Use in body:
- Insulation, provides energy, protection of vital organs

Question 5

Proteins: examples and use in body

Answer 5

Examples:
- Beans, meat, fish
Use in body:
- Growth and repair

Question 6

Vitamins: Vitamins C examples and use in body

Answer 6

Examples:
- Oranges, lemons
Use in body
- Tissue repair, resistance to diease

Question 7

Vitamims: vitamin D examples and use in body

Answer 7

Examples:
- Fish oil, milk, butter,
Use in body
- Strengthens bones and teeth

Question 8

Minerals: Calcium examples and use in body

Answer 8

Examples:
- Milk, fish, vegies
Use in body:
- Strenthens bone and teeth

Question 9

Minerals: Iron examples and use in body

Answer 9

Examples:
- Meat, eggs, cocoa
Use in body:
- Used in formation of heamaglobin in red blood cells for transport of oxygen

Question 10

Fibre: examples and use in body

Answer 10

Examples:
- Wheats, oats, kiwi
Use in body:
- Helps food move through the gut

Question 11

Water: examples and use in body

Answer 11

Examples:
- Water, watermelon
Use in body:
- Major component of cytoplasm and blood

Question 12

Factors that influence the nutrients a person needs

Answer 12

• Age
• Activity levels
• Gender

Question 13

Why are diseases caused?

Answer 13

Lack of vitamin

Question 14

Causes of scurvy

Answer 14

Lack of vitamin C

Question 15

Symptoms of scurvy

Answer 15

Bleeding gums
Poor wound healing
Pain, especially in the legs

Question 16

Cause of rickets

Answer 16

Lack of vitamin D and calcium

Question 17

Symptoms of Rickets

Answer 17

Weak or brittle bones
Bone deformation
Bone pain

Question 18

Ingestion

Answer 18

The taking of food or drink into the body

Question 19

Digestion

Answer 19

The breaking down of large insoluble food molecules into small, soluble molecules

Question 20

Absorption

Answer 20

When the small soluble molecules pass into the blood

Question 21

Assimiliation

Answer 21

Is the use/uptake of food molecules by our body cells

Question 22

Egestion

Answer 22

The removal of undigested food from the body as faeces

Question 23

What is physical digestion

Answer 23

The breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical change to the food molecules

Question 24

What does physical digestion do

Answer 24

It increases the surface area of food for the action of enzymes in chemical digestion

Question 25

What is chemical digestion

Answer 25

Breaking down of large insoluble food molecules into small soluble food molecules

Question 26

Digestive enzymes: Starch

Answer 26

Starch -> amylase enzyme -> breaks down into simple reducing sugars

Question 27

Digestive enzymes: proteins

Answer 27

Proteins -> protease enzymes -> amino acids

Question 28

Digestive enzymes: fats and oils

Answer 28

Fats and oils -> lipase enzymes -> glycerol and fatty acids

Question 29

Amylase enzymes: made and where it acts

Answer 29

Made: Salivary glands Pancreas Small intestine Acts: Mouth Small intestine

Question 30

Protease enzymes: made and where it acts

Answer 30

Made: Stomach Pancreas Small intestine Act: Stomach Small intestine

Question 31

Lipase enzymes: made and where it acts

Answer 31

Made: Pancreas Small intestine Acts: Small intestine

Question 32

Mechanical digestion

Answer 32

Breakdown of food into smaller pieces without the food molecules undergoing a chemical change

Question 33

Where does mechanical digestion happens

Answer 33

First occurs in the mouth by the teeth - The teeth breaks food into smaller pieces for a bigger surface for enzymes to act

Question 34

The 4 types pf teeth

Answer 34

Molars Pre molars Canines Incisors

Question 35

Structure of teeth (6)

Answer 35

Enamel Dentine Gum Pulp Cement Bone

Question 36

Enamel

Answer 36

Hard outer layer

Question 37

Cement

Answer 37

Bone-like tissue, holds tooth in place

Question 38

Bone

Answer 38

What embeds tooth

Question 39

Dentine

Answer 39

Softer material that forms the bulk of tooth

Question 40

Gum

Answer 40

Soft tissue that surrounds and protects the tooth and bone

Question 41

Pulp

Answer 41

Soft tissue that contains nerves and blood vessels

Question 42

Incisors

Answer 42

Bitting and cutting

Question 43

Molars

Answer 43

Crushing and grinding

Question 44

Canines

Answer 44

Gripping and tearing

Question 45

Pre molars

Answer 45

Tearing and crushing

Question 46

Unsoluble molecules

Answer 46

Proteins, starch, fats -> polymers that need to break down

Question 47

Soluble molecules

Answer 47

Water and oxygen

Question 48

Digestion of starch in digestive system

Answer 48

-Starch breaks down into maltose by amylase -Maltase breaks down maltose to glucose on the epithelium lining the small intestine

Question 49

Pepsin

Answer 49

Enzyme in the stomach - Best in acidic conditions

Question 50

Trypsin

Answer 50

Enzyme in the small intestine -Best in alkaline conditions

Question 51

Bile

Answer 51

- Released in the Duodenum - Bile is a mixture of alkaline chemicals - the optimum pH for enzymes that work in the small intestine - It emulsifies fats - bigger surface area for lipase - It is very alkaline

Question 52

Where is most water absorbed?

Answer 52

From the small intestine but that some is also absorbed in the colon

Question 53

Adaptations of small intestine

Answer 53

- most absorption takes place in the small intestine - Large surface area - lots of vili and microvili -> contain mitochondria for active transport of glucose - Blood capillary network to transport nutrients (Shorter diffusion distance transport of nutrients to every cell for respiration)

Question 54

Lacteals

Answer 54

1) fats move from the small intestine to the lacteals in the vili 2) these contain lymph to transport fats away from the small intestine 3) Lacteals merge into larger vessels, before the lymph empties into the blood

Question 55

Significance of microvili and vili

Answer 55

Microvili and vili increase surface area -> therefore faster absorption of nutrients in small intestine