Unit 2

Question 1

Aristotle

Answer 1

proposed theory that universe had two types of motion

Question 2

Who proposed the two types of motion and what are they

Answer 2

Aristotle, towards/away and around

Question 3

retrograde motion

Answer 3

occurs when planet appears to stop, go backwards, then forward, like on a track racing

Question 4

epicycles

Answer 4

spheres within spheres

Question 5

Ptolemy

Answer 5

able to predict the location of planets using Aristotle’s theories.

Question 6

Aristarchus

Answer 6

believed that the sun was at the center of our solar system

Question 7

heliocentric

Answer 7

sun center belief with earth and planets orbiting around.

Question 8

Geocentric

Answer 8

earth centered theory

Question 9

Eratosthenes

Answer 9

calculated the circumference of the Earth

Question 10

Who proposed the idea of epicycles?

Answer 10

Ptolemy

Question 11

Dark Ages

Answer 11

affected Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire

Question 12

Who detailed the advantages of the sun centered theory

Answer 12

Nicolaus copernicus

Question 13

Configurations

Answer 13

geometric arrangements

Question 14

inferior conjunction

Answer 14

inner planets line up between Earth and Sun

Question 15

Superior cunjunction

Answer 15

inner planets opposite side of the sun from Earth

Question 16

Greatest eastern elongation

Answer 16

planet is as far east of the sun as it can be

Question 17

Greatest western elongation

Answer 17

planet farthest west it can reach

Question 18

opposition

Answer 18

planet opposite side of the sun, outer planets

Question 19

conjunction

Answer 19

planet lined up with the sun, outer planet

Question 20

period

Answer 20

amount of time it takes ot complete one revolution

Question 21

synodic period

Answer 21

time elapsed between 2 successive configurations

Question 22

sidereal period

Answer 22

true orbit period of planet

Question 23

Johannes Kepler

Answer 23

proposed planetary orbits not circles

Question 24

Keplers laws

Answer 24

1. planets orbit in an ellipse
2. Relationship between planet speed and sun distance
3. sidereal period^2 =semi major axis^3

Question 25

Who used the first telescope

Answer 25

Galileo Galilei

Question 26

Isaac Newton

Answer 26

made three laws

Question 27

Who proposed general relativity (idea that gravity curves)

Answer 27

Albert Einstein

Question 28

gravitational lensing

Answer 28

curvature of space bends path of light

Question 29

Orion

Answer 29

the hunter, shaped like a person bright stars Betelguese and Rigel

Question 30

Canis Major

Answer 30

Great dog, shaped like a dog with four legs, bright start Sirius

Question 31

Canis minor

Answer 31

little dog, a short line, bright start procyon

Question 32

Auriga

Answer 32

the charioteer, shaped like a pentagon, bright start Capella

Question 33

t/f When Saturn is at opposition we cannot see it because it is hiding behind the Sun.

Answer 33

false

Question 34

Aphelion is the point in a planetary orbit at which the planet is

Answer 34

farthest from the Sun

Question 35

t/f Epicycles are smaller spheres attached to the larger deferents.

Answer 35

true

Question 36

Ptolemy

Answer 36

invented epicycles to explain retrograde motion

Question 37

Eratosthenes

Answer 37

calculated the circumference of Earth

Question 38

Aristotle

Answer 38

theory of the universe with two types of motion: towards away from and around

Question 39

Aristarchus

Answer 39

believed that the Sun was at the center of the universe

Question 40

Galileo Galilei

Answer 40

first astronomer to use a telescope

Question 41

Tycho Brahe

Answer 41

tried to prove heliocentric universe was wrong

Question 42

Nicholas Copernicus

Answer 42

first modern astronomer to believe in a heliocentric universe

Question 43

Johannes Kepler

Answer 43

theorized that planets do not move at uniform speeds throughout their orbits

Question 44

t/f Most of the names of the brightest stars are of Arabic origin.

Answer 44

true

Question 45

Who proposed the idea that gravity could actually bend light?

Answer 45

Albert Einstein

Question 46

t/f The synodic period is the amount of time for a planet to move from one configuration to the next identical configuration.

Answer 46

true

Question 47

t/f All early astronomers before Copernicus believed that the world was flat

Answer 47

false

Question 48

t/f Planets in orbits closer to the Sun move faster than planets in orbits further away.

Answer 48

true

Question 49

t/f Planets do not orbit the Sun in perfectly circular orbits.

Answer 49

true

Question 50

Which of the following is not one of the major astronomical discoveries made by Galileo?

Answer 50

The shape of a planet's orbit is an ellipse.

Question 51

t/f Astronomers of ancient Greece believed the world was shaped like a sphere.

Answer 51

true

Question 52

What was the greatest contribution of Tycho Brahe to astronomy?

Answer 52

He amassed a large number of precise measurements of stellar and planetary positions in the sky.