Unit 5

Question 1

the sun makes up what percent of mass in the solar system

Answer 1

99.86

Question 2

thermonuclear fusion

Answer 2

Arthur Eddington thought that temp at suns core was hot enough for 4 hydrogen atoms to make a helium atom

Question 3

energy in thermonuclear fusion

Answer 3

some mass is lost and converted to energy

Question 4

luminosity

Answer 4

suns total energy output 3.9*10^26 watts

Question 5

hydrogen burning

Answer 5

hydrogen converted to helium

Question 6

hydrostatic equilibrium

Answer 6

sun can support its own weight

Question 7

thermal equilibrium

Answer 7

sun put out constant amount of energy

Question 8

temperature

Answer 8

average motion of atoms or molecules

Question 9

heat

Answer 9

energy that flows

Question 10

conduction

Answer 10

heat transfer through touch

Question 11

convection

Answer 11

flow, liquids and gases

Question 12

radiation

Answer 12

heat transferred through space

Question 13

Electromagnetic radiation

Answer 13

energy from sun to earth (no medium)

Question 14

Einstein’s theory of special relativity implied which of the following?

Answer 14

Energy and matter are interchangeable.

Question 15

magnitude scale

Answer 15

describes how bright an object appears

Question 16

apparent magnitude

Answer 16

how bright the object appears to observer

Question 17

absolute magnitude

Answer 17

measured by energy output of star

Question 18

inverse square law

Answer 18

apparent brightness is inversely proportional to the square of distance between observer and source

Question 19

Star A is a first magnitude star. Star B is a sixth magnitude star. Which star is brighter and by how much

Answer 19

Star A is 100 times brighter than star B.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between absolute magnitude?

Answer 20

Absolute magnitude is the apparent magnitude an object would have at a distance of ten parsecs.

Question 21

How many magnitude 3 stars does it take to get as much light as one magnitude 2 star?

Answer 21

2.5

Question 22

parallax

Answer 22

apparent shifting of position of an object because of a change in point of view
d=1/p distance equals one over parallax angle
1/5/8=8/5

Question 23

In the parallax equation D = 1/p, which of the following units is used to measure the distance?

Answer 23

parsecs

Question 24

If a star is 11/6 parsecs away, what is its parallax angle (in fraction notation) in arc seconds?

Answer 24

6/11

Question 25

protoplanet hypothesis

Answer 25

solar system started as a nebula that condensed and formed the sun

Question 26

nebula

Answer 26

cloud of dust and gas

Question 27

accretion

Answer 27

accumulation of material using gravity

Question 28

protostars

Answer 28

high mass: blue stars low mass: yellow stars

Question 29

dies

Answer 29

stars die when there is no more fuel to produce heat

Question 30

low mass

Answer 30

star collapses and eventually becomes a brown dwarf

Question 31

high mass

Answer 31

contracts and then a supernova creates an explosion, the central core stays and becomes a neutron star

Question 32

pulsars

Answer 32

radio pulses from objects in universe

Question 33

burster

Answer 33

matter collects on neutron star, then bursts

Question 34

nova

Answer 34

visible flash from white dwarf binaries

Question 35

The central core that remains after a supernova is known as which of the following?

Answer 35

A neutron star

Question 36

spectrum

Answer 36

specific frequencies of electromagnetic radiation it gives off, gives a clue to the temp of the star

Question 37

visible color

Answer 37

blue stars are hotter than red stars

Question 38

spectral classification

Answer 38

O, B, A, F, G, K, M O is hot, ten subcategories 0-9, Sun is G2

Question 39

Hertzprung-Russell diagrams

Answer 39

discovered relationship between spectral and absolute magnitude

Question 40

red giants

Answer 40

appears red, cooler stars

Question 41

supergiants

Answer 41

bigger than red giants and brighter

Question 42

white dwarfs

Answer 42

hot, dim, and small

Question 43

virgo

Answer 43

the virgin, y and then curves down, bright star spica

Question 44

leo

Answer 44

the lion, shaped like a lion with neck coming out, bright star Regulus

Question 45

Gemini

Answer 45

the twins, two stick figures holding hands, bright stars castor and pollux

Question 46

cancer

Answer 46

the crab, upside down y, no bright star.

Question 47

t/f Yellow stars, such as our sun, will one day explode in a supernova.

Answer 47

false

Question 48

t/f Higher mass stars live longer on the main sequence than low mass stars.

Answer 48

false

Question 49

Type A stars are hotter than type O stars. t/f

Answer 49

false

Question 50

The corpse of a low mass star is probably

Answer 50

a white dwarf

Question 51

t/f After the Sun leaves the main sequence, it will evolve into a red giant.

Answer 51

true

Question 52

Which of the spectral types of stars spends the least amount of time on the main sequence?

Answer 52

B

Question 53

The process of accumulating material as described in the protoplanet hypothesis is called

Answer 53

accretion

Question 54

Three mechanisms of heat transfer are

Answer 54

convection, conduction, and radiation

Question 55

Which of the following is the correct order for spectral types of stars?

Answer 55

OBAFGKM

Question 56

What would you conclude if you looked through the eyepiece of a telescope and observed two stars within the field of view, one orange and one light blue?

Answer 56

the blue one is hotter

Question 57

Star A is a first magnitude star. Star B is a sixth magnitude star. Which star is brighter and by how much?

Answer 57

Star A is 100 times brighter than star B.

Question 58

t/f The Sun’s energy source is nuclear fusion.

Answer 58

true

Question 59

A huge cloud of gas and dust is called a

Answer 59

nebula

Question 60

How far away is a star whose parallax angle is 3/11 arc second?

Answer 60

11/3 parsecs

Question 61

t/f In order for the distance to an object to be measured using parallax, it must be viewed from two different locations.

Answer 61

true

Question 62

How many magnitude 3 stars does it take to get as much light as one magnitude 2 star?

Answer 62

2.5

Question 63

t/f A blue star on the main sequence will live a long time compared to our sun because it is so massive.

Answer 63

false

Question 64

The total energy output of a star is called

Answer 64

luminosity

Question 65

/f A very large star will undergo several supernova explosions in its lifetime.

Answer 65

false

Question 66

t/f A star’s absolute magnitude is dependent on its distance from the observer.

Answer 66

false