Unit 2

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Contains DNA

Question 2

Ribosomes

Answer 2

Synthesize proteins

Question 3

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 3

Assembles proteins and lipids. Rough has ribosomes smooth doesn’t

Question 4

Golgi apparatus

Answer 4

Modified, ships, packages proteins and lipids for storage and transport

Question 5

Chloroplast

Answer 5

Convert solar energy to chemical energy

Question 6

Mitochondria

Answer 6

Concert chemical energy to usable compounds

Question 7

Cell wall

Answer 7

Shapes, supports, and protects plant cells

Question 8

Cell membrane

Answer 8

Regulates materials entering and leaving the cell

Question 9

Vacuoles

Answer 9

Store materials and support structure of cell

Question 10

Lysosomes

Answer 10

Break down and recycle macromolecules

Question 11

Desmosomes

Answer 11

Attach muscle cells to eachother in an muscle

Question 12

Gap junctions

Answer 12

Provide cytoplasmic channels from one cell to another, communication

Question 13

Micro tubes

Answer 13

Hollow tubes that maintain cell shape and movement

Question 14

Micro filaments

Answer 14

Strands of actin that maintain cell shape, muscle contraction, and cell division

Question 15

List the 6 cell concepts

Answer 15

1. Fluid and flexible
2. Self repair
3. Eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles
4. Membrane proteins have special functions (movement)
5. Gap junctions between animal cells
6. Bacteria cells reproduce through binary fission

Question 16

How does unsaturated and saturated carbon tails affect the fluidity of the membrane?

Answer 16

Unsaturated carbon tails will stay fluid at a colder temperature than saturated carbon tails

Question 17

Why do Unsaturated carbon tails stay fluid at a colder temperature than saturated carbon tails

Answer 17

Unsaturated carbon tails have double bonds that allow the cold temperatures to kink instead of solidify

Question 18

Passive transport

Answer 18

Diffusion of a substance across a membrane without energy

Question 19

Osmosis

Answer 19

Passive transport diffusion of water

Question 20

Hypertonic (what happens and the condition for animal/plant

Answer 20

More solutes
Shrinkage
shrunk/plasmolyzed

Question 21

Isotonic (what happens and the condition)

Answer 21

Equilibrium

Question 22

Hypotonic (what happens and the condition animal/plant)

Answer 22

More solvents
Swelling
lysed/turgid

Question 23

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 23

Polar molecules and ions diffuse with transport proteins

Question 24

Active transport

Answer 24

Diffusion (solutes) against the concentration gradient

Question 25

How do proteins respond to active transport

Answer 25

They change their shape

Question 26

Exocytosis

Answer 26

Cells export molecules via vesicles from the plasma membrane

Question 27

Endocystosis

Answer 27

Cells absorb molecules via forming vesicles

Question 28

How do cells know what to absorb?

Answer 28

Cells use receptors to take in specific molecules (mutations cause diseases)

Question 29

what 5 substances are kept in the blood during the kidney function

Answer 29

red blood cells, white blood cells, protein, glucose, and amino acids

Question 30

what substances are removed from the blood during the kidney function

Answer 30

Urea

Question 31

what substances are balanced during kidney functions

Answer 31

salt and water

Question 32

Describe how passive transport is used during kidney filtration

Answer 32

Substances pass through the screen of the kidney and the bigger substances that remain in the blood reside in the Renal Vein while the small substances remain in the nephron to be reabsorbed

Question 33

Describe how active transport is used during kidney reabsorption

Answer 33

Transport proteins pick out glucose and amino acids to be completely reabsorbed and partially reabsorb water and salt.(specific amounts)

Question 34

What size of cell is the best for diffusion

Answer 34

Smaller cells, larger surface area

Question 35

What is phagocytosis

Answer 35

the intake of large bacteria or molecules for animal cells

Question 36

What are glycoproteins made for

Answer 36

communication and identification

Question 37

What are cell walls made of

Answer 37

carbohydrates