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BIOL 373 > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

in what 5 steps did the vertebrate in the cns develop ?

A

1.vertebrae folds within itsself
2. Neural plate border comes together from each side as one
3. The epidermis fuses and seals it into a oval and lays on top
4. The plate border break off and become neural crest cells
5. The neural plate left becomes a neural tube

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2
Q

what happens at 4 week in the development of the CNS and what are the 4 parts

A

the back end of the neural spinal splits into the three regions ( forebrain, hinebrain, midbrain , spinal cord)

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3
Q

what happens at week 6 in the development of the CNS
what 3 parts does it split into and what are within those parts

A

the tube splits into major brain regions present at birth
Hindbrain:
Medulla
Cerebellum and pons

Midbrain as one

Forebrain:
diencephalon
cerebrum

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4
Q

what happens at week 11 in the development of the CNS

A

the smooth cerebrum grows rapidly

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5
Q

what happens at birth in the development of the CNS

A

cerebrum take up majority of brain

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6
Q

what protects the brain

A

the cranium

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7
Q

what protects the spine

A

the veterbrae

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8
Q

what are the 3 layers of connective tissue surrounding the brain and spine ?

A

Dura mater is outermost
Arachnoid in the middle
Pia mater is innermost

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9
Q

what is the fluid between the layer ?

A

cerbral spinal fluid

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10
Q

the cns is surrounded by meninges

A

aka dura, arachnoid pia

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11
Q

how much fluid filled with CSF ventricles does the brain have and what are they

A

4 , 2 lats ,3rd vents 4 vent

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12
Q

how much fluid filled with CSF is in the spine

A

1

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13
Q

what is the choroid plexus

A

it is patches of and ependymal cell that produce CSF

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14
Q

Do all the ventricles in the brain produce CSF

A

yes

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15
Q

what does the ependymal cells do ?

A

they form a barrier between blood vessels & CSF

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16
Q

when there is high amounts of protein or a presence cell in the CSF what does that suggest ?

A

a possible infection

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16
Q

how many time is CSF removed and replaced in a day

A

4

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16
Q

what are the other extracellular fluid of the CNS?

A

interstital fluid and plasma

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16
Q

what is interstital fluid ?

A

surrounds neurons and glilal cells

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17
Q

what is plasma ?

A

in cerebral blood vessels

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18
Q

Plasma has alot of high compements in comparasion to CSF like K+ CA+ etc what are the same of different between them

A

the same Na + sodium and
CSf has no blood cells

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19
Q

what are olgiodendrocytes ?

A

they form mylein in the CNS aka white matter

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20
Q

what are astrocytes ?

A

they regulate ecf

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21
Q

what is the circulation of CSF

A

start in lateral ventricles go to 3rd and fouth accumlate CSF and exit in the 4th vent to the sub arachoid it cicrulate and then goes the to the arachnoid villi within the dural sinus like a bulge and enters the dural sinus specifically the superior saggital sinus where it then goes to the spine

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22
Q

what is the superior saggital sinus

A

it is the the biggest component of the dural sinus and where CSF. goes to waste

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23
Q

what is hyrdocephalic ?

A

where csf and unable to exit and it cloggs up your brain and increases pressure and compresses your brain tissue

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24
Q

what is the astrocyte foot process ?

A

secret paracrine factors which promote tight juntions

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25
Q

what are tight junctions ?

A

it prevents solutes from moving in between cells

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26
Q

what is the blood brain barrier ?

A

a barrier that allow lipid soluble molecules to cross easily
hydrophillic substance with a transporter to cross

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27
Q

antihistamine dont cross

A
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28
Q

drugs that treat diseases are allowed to cross

A
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29
Q

what is parkinsons disease ?

A

a neruological diseas that degerates a part of the brain who uses dopamine as a signal

30
Q

L-dopa can cross and become dopomine as dopomine cant cross the blood barrier

A
31
Q

what is hypoglacemia

A

lost of conciousness and death

32
Q

what are the 4 sections in your spinal cord

A

thoraic , lumbar, cervical and sacral

33
Q

what is a spinal nerve

A

a joint connection of afferent and efferent fibers

34
Q

where does your pre gang come for sympathic?

A

thoraic and lumbar

35
Q

when does your pre gang parasympathic ?

A

brain stem and your cravial

36
Q

what is the doral root ganglion

A

it is a bulge due to cell bodies on afferent nuerons

37
Q

what is within the grey matter ?

A

sensory info coming in a most dorsal point of the doral horn and you have motor neurons leaving at the most ventral point of the ventral horn grey matter

38
Q

where does the thoraic lumbar symp pre gang leave

A

in the ventral grey horn

39
Q

what type of neuron has no denrites ?

A

sensory

40
Q

what is within the white matter ?

A

ascending and descending tracts

41
Q

what are the 3 asecending tracts in white matter ?

A

spinothalmaic
spinocerebellar
dorsal columns

42
Q

what is the descending tract in the white matter ?

A

corticospinal tract

43
Q

what does the dosal columns carry ?

A

fine touch, proprioception

44
Q

what does the spino cerebeluular carry ?

A

propceptiotion ( posture and coordination)

45
Q

what does the spinothalamic carry ?

A

pain and tempurature

46
Q

what are the two types of cortico tracts?

A

lateral corticospinal and ventromedia

47
Q

what does the corticospinal carry

A

voluntary movement ( wanting to your leg ex)

48
Q

what does the lateral cortico spinal bring info for

A

limbs

49
Q

what deso the ventromieal cortico spinal bring info for

A

axial/truck muscles

50
Q

what does the brain stem consists of ?

A

midbrain
medulla
pons

51
Q

what does the brain stem do ?

A

carry out sensory and motor info for head and neck

52
Q

how many cranial nerves are in the brain stem

A

10 out of 12

53
Q

what is the midbrains function?

A

coordinates eye movement , visual and auditory reflexes

54
Q

what is the 2 pons function?

A

is a relay between cerebrum and cerebullum (C&C) and also for respiration

55
Q

what does the medulla do ?

A

controlls many involuntsty functions in grey matter and where crossing happens in white matter

56
Q

what is in the cerebrum ?

A

cortex and subcortial structrurees

57
Q

what does the cerebellum do

A

coordinates movements

58
Q

what does the decepholon do ?

A

connect midbrain and fore brain

59
Q

what is within the decephalon?

A

the thalamus
hypthalmus
and P&P glands

60
Q

whar are the four lobes the cerebrum is split into?

A

occiptial, frontal , parietal and temporal

61
Q

what is the regions of cerebral grey matter ?

A

basal ganglia , limbic system and cerebral cortex

62
Q

what is within the frontal lobe ?

A

primary motor cortex and motor and pre front assciation

63
Q

where do desceding fibres originate

A

in the primary motor cortex

64
Q

what is within the parital lobe?

A

the primary somatosensory cortex

65
Q

what is in the occipital lobe

A

visual cortex and assocaite

66
Q

what is an association area ?

A

whenre sensory and motor area intergrate info

67
Q

what is in the temporal lobe ?

A

the auditory cortex and auditory association

68
Q

where is the primary motor cortex located ?

A

infronted of central sulcus

69
Q

what is within the primary motor cortex ?

A

cell bodies of descending motor neurons

70
Q

where is the primary somatosensory cortex ?

A

infront of the central sulcus ?

71
Q

what is within the primary somatosensory cortex ?

A

a terminal for ascending sensory pathways

72
Q

what is reciprocal inhibition

A

when you want to contract a muscle so a signal needs to be sent to yoru antagonist muscle to relax it

73
Q

when descending what crosses at the midbrain ?

A

cranial nerves to skeletal muscles

74
Q

when desceding what cross in the medulla to go into the lateral corticospinal tract? voluntary movements

A

motor neurons to skeletal muscles

75
Q

what goes into the anterior spinal cortico spinal tract and crosses at the spine ? voluntary movements

A

truck nerves

76
Q
A

BIOL 373 (5 decks)

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