Unit 2

Question 1

What was the primary influence over the secular governments in medieval Europe?

Answer 1

The Roman Catholic Church

Question 2

What is indulgences?

Answer 2

The money given to the Church by the people in hopes that it would get their loved ones out of purgatory

Question 3

What do we call the points of debate Martin Luther raised about the practice of indulgences and when did he announce them?

Answer 3

His ninety-five theses. 1517

Question 4

How did Luther make it possible for the average person to know the Bible?

Answer 4

He translated the Bible from Latin to German

Question 5

What happened in European politics as a result of the Reformation?

Answer 5

Conflicts and wars erupted within countries between Protestants monarchs and Catholic monarchs

Question 6

What English Ruler broke with Rome and established the Church of England?

Answer 6

Henry VIII

Question 7

How did the Protestant Reformation affect exploration and political thought?

Answer 7

By lands conquered by the Spanish becoming Catholics and the lands conquered by the English accepting religious diversity

Question 8

Who sailed to a “new founde land” for England in 1497?

Answer 8

Giovanni Caboti (John Cabot)

Question 9

What did Henry VIII do to be rid of his first wife?

Answer 9

He separated himself from the Catholic Church and declared himself to be the head of the church in England so he could have his first marriage annulled through the Anglican Church

Question 10

Who were the daughters of Henry VIII’s first and second wives?

Answer 10

Mary and Elizabeth I respectively

Question 11

What was the first English attempt to establish a colony in North America? What happened to this colony?

Answer 11

A group (sponsored by Sir Walter Raleigh) that settled on Roanoke Island off North Carolina. They either died from illness or Indian attack, or were moved or carried off to another location

Question 12

Who became king of England when Elizabeth I died?

Answer 12

James I

Question 13

What is mercantilism?

Answer 13

It is the act of the government encouraging and assisting private businesses, especially those involved in foreign trade

Question 14

What was the first permanent English settlement in North America, and when was it founded?

Answer 14

Jamestown, Virginia, May 24, 1607

Question 15

What is a Puritan and a Separatist?

Answer 15

Puritans were people who were not satisfied with the worldliness and the Catholic-like practices of the Church of England and wanted to purify the Church. Separatists were people who wanted no part in the Anglican Church and sought to be separate and independent

Question 16

What group settled Plymouth?

Answer 16

The Separatists

Question 17

What group settled Massachusetts Bay?

Answer 17

The Puritans

Question 18

Roger Williams began what colony?

Answer 18

Rhode Island

Question 19

Who led the founding of the Connecticut colony?

Answer 19

Thomas Hooker

Question 20

What colony was intended to be a haven for persecuted Catholics?

Answer 20

Maryland

Question 21

What colonies were named for Charles II?

Answer 21

North and South Carolina

Question 22

From what country did England take the colony that became New York?

Answer 22

The Netherlands

Question 23

What religious group is associated with the founding of Pennsylvania?

Answer 23

The Society of Friends (the Quakers)

Question 24

What is the Mason-Dixon Line?

Answer 24

A boundary line between Pennsylvania (which outlawed slavery) and Maryland (which maintained it until the Civil War). It became a symbol of the division between the slave and non-slave portions of the United States

Question 25

What country posed the only serious threat to English control of North America?

Answer 25

France

Question 26

What was an indentured servant?

Answer 26

A servant who sold their papers (indentures) to sea captains who then sold them to people in the colonies. They worked for a set period of time and then were given land to start out on their own

Question 27

What were some differences that developed among the colonies in different regions of America?

Answer 27

New England was the home of many farmers, traders, fishers, and shipping professions. The southern colonies encouraged large plantations that produced cash crops, mostly tobacco but also rice and lumber. The middle colonies were a mix between the two other regions

Question 28

Which area had the greatest interest in education?

Answer 28

New England

Question 29

Why were English accents different in the different regions of America?

Answer 29

Because those who moved to New England came from one area of England, those who moved to the southern colonies came from another area, and so forth

Question 30

List all of the 13 original colonies (in order)

Answer 30

Virginia, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Maryland, North and South Carolina, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Georgia

Question 31

Who was the first person living in America to have literary works published?

Answer 31

Anne Bradstreet

Question 32

What was the generally understood role of religion in society in the colonies

Answer 32

That it was of upmost importance and that the church should have the primary influence in defining what was acceptable behavior for all people in society

Question 33

What was the Half-Way Covenant?

Answer 33

A covenant that allowed the children of people who had not become members to have a kind of half-way membership in the church

Question 34

What was the dominant theology in the colonies?

Answer 34

Calvinism

Question 35

What was the predominant form of religious practice in the colonies

Answer 35

Anglican

Question 36

Where did witchcraft arise, how did it arise, and what was the legal outcome of it?

Answer 36

Salem, Massachusetts. A slave from the West Indies influenced a few young girls to it. The death of twenty people suspicious of witchcraft

Question 37

What were the two sides in the English Civil War?

Answer 37

The forces of King Charles I (called Cavaliers or Royalists) against the forces supporting Parliament and the Puritans (called Roundheads)

Question 38

Who became Lord Protector of England?

Answer 38

Oliver Cromwell

Question 39

Why were William and Mary asked to rule England?

Answer 39

Because the Anglican leaders of Parliament sought to depose James II to stop the Catholic domination of the monarchy. James II fled to France and Parliament wanted William and Mary (who were Protestant rulers in the Netherlands) to sit on the throne

Question 40

What is the significance of how William and Mary were asked?

Answer 40

The fact that English monarchs ruled with the permission of Parliament

Question 41

What was the first book printed in America?

Answer 41

*Bay Psalm Book*

Question 42

What colonies made up New England? (4)

Answer 42

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire