Unit 2 Flashcards
Feudal, Mongols, Mughals (19 cards)
1
Q
Feudalism
A
- A social system that existed in Europe during the middle ages where people fought and worked for nobles who in return provided protection and land towards them
- A hierarchy of power was established in these kingdoms
- Nobles also known as lords
& ladies were vassals of kings and queens
Ex : Government in Europe
2
Q
Middle ages
A
- A period in European history
during the fall of the Roman empire - Lasted from 500 C.E to 1500 C.E
3
Q
Hierarchy
A
- A system in which people or groups are ranked in above one another out of importance
- Government by an elite group
- Can be defined by wealth, power, age, etc..
Ex: 1. King
2. Lords
3. Knights
4. Peasants
4
Q
Knight
A
-Lord who promised loyalty and support to the lord or king above him
-In exchange for this loyalty he was promised a piece of land
- Knights were the warrior class in Europe who fought on horseback
- Protected those who couldn’t defend themselves
5
Q
Serf
A
- Serfs also known as peasants laid at the bottom of the hierarchy
- They owned no land but worked the land owned by nobles and knights and were given protection on the manor
- Poorest of the peasant class
6
Q
Manorialism
A
- Manorialism and Fuedalism were the political and economic systems that developed, which for hundreds of years provided a new government system after the central government of the Roman Empire collapsed
- System in which land is divided into large estates
7
Q
Zenith
A
- The highest point
Ex: The Mongol Empire is considered the second largest empire in Our story and between the years 1270 and 1309 it covered approximately 16% of the world’s land area
8
Q
Mongols
A
- Central Asian people who lived in an extensive northeastern highland region of a great plateau in Central Asia in what is now Mongolia and Northern China
- Originally a tribe
- Shared the same beliefs, language, and customs
- It’s believed that their conquest started because harsh winters in the northeastern highlands forced them to move south
9
Q
Genghis Khan
A
- Started the conquest of the Mongols through small raids on the Western Xia in the early 1200s
- Born in the Gobi desert, in a yurt
- His father was a chieftain over several Mongol tribes
- His father died when he was nine and he took his place but many of the Mongol nomads would not follow a child chieftain so they imprisoned Khan
- Escaped through a river
10
Q
Khan
A
- A title given to rulers and officials in Central Asia Afghanistan, and certain other Muslim countries
- Any of the successors of Genghis Khan
- Refers to a King
11
Q
Yurt
A
- A light round tent of skins or felt used by nomads in central Asia
- Round structure where the roof is held up under a combination of tension and compression,
12
Q
Kublai Khan
A
- Moved the centers of power out of Mongol lands to China in the mid-1200s, and rested his capital city right outside of what is today Beijing
- Made a series of public work projects that put citizens to work
- Rebuilt regions that were conquered
- Expanded trade routes in Europe and Asia
- Rebuilt the Grand Canal
13
Q
Mughals
A
-The Mughal Empire at its height stretched from portions of Afghanistan, Pakistan, and most of the Indian subcontinent
- Muslims of Central Asian origin
- Babur who was a descendant of Genghis Khan, was the Mughal founder
14
Q
Babur
A
- Founded the Mughal empire
- Was a follower of Islam,
and believed very strongly in his religion - Known for being strong and powerfull
- Babur came to his throne at 12 years old and like Genghis Khan, his uncles and other nobility attempted to take his power away from him
- He was able to fight off the advances and maintain his rule
15
Q
Akbar ( the Great)
A
- Expanded the empire and secured the throne during the height of the Mughal dynasty
- Akbar established numerous government reforms to make it fairer for Muslims, Christians, and Hindus to co-exist and practice their beliefs
- Akbar invested a tremendous amount of money in the arts and literature, and he also established trade and political relations with the west, most notably Great Britain.
16
Q
Jahangir
A
- He unsuccessfully
revolted against Akbar in 1599 - Jahangir became the next Mughal emperor but many believe that he poisoned his father over succession
- Jahangir was an excellent administrator and ruled his
empire in an era of relative stability and economic growth - Jahangir continued the legacy of his father as well as his policies
- Most famous for establishing the Golden Chain of Justice
- Died in 1627, leaving his third son, Shah Jahan emperor
17
Q
Shah Jahan
A
- Most famously known for the construction of the Taj Mahal
- He built the Taj Mahal just for his wife Arjumand Banu Begum
- Shah loved her so much that he gave her the nickname Mumtaz Mahal, which means “ornament of the palace.”
- The Taj Mahal brought together the Indian, Persian, and Islamic architectural styles
18
Q
Mausoleum
A
- A large building storing tombs
- Constructed as a monument enclosing the burial chamber of a deceased person or people
Ex: Taj Mahal of India, the Pyramids of Giza, etc.
19
Q
Aurangzheb
A
-Last great ruler over the
Mughal empire
- Zealous follower of Islam
- Extremely intolerant of other religions within the empire
- led to
significant tension and the rise of civil
disobedience which led to the gradual demise
of the Mughal empire after his death
- He was a brilliant military strategist and government administrator
reestablished the tax on non-Muslims that his great grandfather-Akbar had removed.
