Unit 4

Question 1

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Answer 1

• Lists 30 rights that are believed should be guaranteed to all human beings throughout the world
• Been translated into over 500 languages
• If the government denies a person or a group of people of their human rights the United Nations decides on consequences for that country
  Ex: “All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.”

Question 2

United Nations

Answer 2

-An international organization founded in 1945
- Made up of 193 member states
- They work to confront global humanitarian issues all over the world
- Created Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Question 3

Pyramid of Hate

Answer 3

• Model that shows the biased behaviors and attitudes
  1. Genocide
  2. Bias motivated violence
  3. Discrimination
  4. Acts of bias
  5. Biased attitudes

Question 4

Indian Removal Act

Answer 4

-year passed: 1830
- Purpose is to relocate Native American tribes living east of the Mississippi River to lands west of the river
- Led to the forced removal of thousands of Native Americans including the infamous Trail of Tears where the Cherokee Nation was forcibly relocated

Question 5

Andrew Jackson

Answer 5

-Born: March 15, 1767
- Died: June 8, 1845
- He was in a democratic political party
- He was a controversial figure praised for his leadership and populism, but criticized for his role in the forced removal of Native Americans and his stance on slavery
- Significant figure in American history

Question 6

Trail of Tears

Answer 6

• Time period 1838-1839
  Affected mainly the Cherokee
• Happened because of the Indian removal act
• Forced relocation form southeastern United States to designated Indian territory west of the Mississippi river
• They had no shelter for weather and lack of food
• About 4,000 Cherokee died from this journey
• Tragic event in American history

Question 7

Discrimination

Answer 7

• Unfair or prejudicial treatment of individuals or groups based on characteristics
• Unfair treatment based on gender, race, age, religion, disability, etc
• Understanding discrimination is very important for promoting equality and justice

Question 8

Prejudice

Answer 8

• Preconceived opinion or judgment about an individual or group that is not based on reason or actual experience
• Formed without good knowledge or just assuming
  -Usually involves negative feelings
• Types: Race, gender, religion, age, etc
• Can lead to discrimination, exclusion , and harm
• Ex: Stereotyping, bias, and unfair treatment

Question 9

Bias

Answer 9

• A tendency to flavor or lean towards a particular perspective, person or group, often in an unfair or prejudiced manner
• Influenced by personal feeling or what you prefer
• Can lead to unfair treatment stereotypes and sometimes affects decision making
• Ex: Favoring one person over another when voting for class president just because one is your friend

Question 10

Stereotypes

Answer 10

• Oversimplified and generalized beliefs about a specific group of people or things
• Applies the same characteristics to all members of group
  -Can lead to prejudice, discrimination, and social inequality
  Ex: Believing all kids are loud messy and immature
• Stereotypes are very important for understanding society

Question 11

Apartheid

Answer 11

• A policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race, which was notably practiced in South Africa from 1948 until the early 1990s. It involved the legal separation of different racial groups and the unequal treatment of non- white people
  EX: When Nelson Mandela fought against apartheid in South Africa

Question 12

Segregation

Answer 12

• The enforced separation of different racial, ethnic, or other groups within a community or society
• Ex: When the Jim Crow laws were in action the Southern United States required separate facilities for white and black people

Question 13

F.W. de Klerk

Answer 13

• Last State President of apartheid- era South Africa ( 1989- 1994)
• Known for initiating the end of apartheid and transitioning South Africa to a multiracial Democracy
• Released Nelson Mandela from prison and lifted the ban on the African National Congress
• Received shared Nobel peace Prize with Nelson for ending Apartheid

Question 14

Nelson Mandela

Answer 14

• Anti-Apartheid activist, revolutionary, and political leader
• President of South Africa from 1994-1999
• Known for fighting against apartheid in South Africa and becoming the country’s first black president
• Spent 27 years in prison for his activism
• Received Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 for his efforts to eliminate apartheid

Question 15

African National Congress

Answer 15

• A political party in South Africa
• Was a liberation movement known for it’s objection to Apartheid and has governed the country ever since 1994 after the first Post Apartheid election
• Main focus is to bring all Africans together as one and to stand up for their rights and freedom

Question 16

Robben Island

Answer 16

• Located off the coast of Cape Town, South Africa
• Used as a prison. leper colony, and military base
• Nelson Mandela was imprisoned here for 18 out of his 27 years in jail
• Mainly used for a prison during the Apartheid era, where many political prisoners were held
• It is today know as the UNESCO World heritage site known for it’s role in the disagreement towards Apartheid

Question 17

Political cartoon

Answer 17

• An illustration or comic strip containing a political or social message that usually relates to current events or personality
• Usually includes humor, satire, and Symbolism to communicate their message and get out their thoughts

Question 18

Patriotism

Answer 18

• Patriotism is the feeling of love, devotion, and sense of attachment ones country. This attachment can be cultural, historical, political, or emotional attachments
• Often involves a sense of pride in the nation’s achievements and values
  Ex: Volunteering to serve in the military to defend your country

Question 19

Nationalism

Answer 19

• A political, social, and economic belief system that emphasizes the interests and culture of ones nation
• Involves a strong identification with the pride of ones nation sometimes leading to desire for national independence
  Ex: The unification of Germany in the 19th century was driven by strong nationalist feeling

Question 20

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 20

• The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty signed on June 28, 1919, that officially ended World War I
• Signed by Germany and the Allied Powers at the Palace of Versailles in France
• The treaty enforced heavy compensation and territorial losses on Germany aimed at preventing future problems
• Ex: The harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles contributed to economic struggle and political instability in Germany which led to the rise of Hitler

Question 21

World War I

Answer 21

• WWI is the first world war that begun because there was a global conflict between the Allies and Central Powers
• The main reason was because of the assassination of Franz Ferdinand
• Germany was blamed for WW1 because of the aggressive attitude of their leaders and them wanting to extend their influence throughout Europe
• Ended because Germany signed an agreement for peace

Question 22

World War II

Answer 22

WWII is the second war that was a global conflict between the Allies and Axis powers
- The majority of the world’s country participated
- Sparked by the Nazi invasion of Poland
- Split the world’s nation into 2 military alliances