Unit 2 Flashcards
(39 cards)
Describe the function of the synapse in neural communication.
The synapse is the gap between the terminal button of one neuron and the next neuron, functioning like an on and off switch to connect the two neurons.
How does the myelin sheath contribute to neural function?
The myelin sheath is a thin protein layer that acts as an insulator for nerve fibers, enhancing the speed of electrical signals
Define the role of the axon in a neuron.
transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body to other neurons, facilitating communication between nerve cells.
What is the main function of the cell body in a neuron?
The cell body is the central structure of a neuron that contains the nucleus and is responsible for centralizing, organizing, and channeling stimulation.
Explain the significance of the nucleus in a neuron.
The nucleus is the architect of the cell, containing genes and DNA that provide essential information for manufacturing proteins and determining the characteristics of the cell.
Describe the function of dendrites in neural communication.
Dendrites are located at the end of a neuron and are responsible for receiving information and stimulating communication between neurons through electrochemical signals.
What are neurotransmitters and their role in the brain?
Neurotransmitters are brain chemicals that facilitate communication between nerve cells by crossing the synapse and binding to receptors on the next neuron through dendrites.
How does dopamine function in the brain?
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter involved in emotional arousal, voluntary movements, learning, and memory.
Describe the two hemispheres of the brain and their functions.
The brain is divided into the right and left hemispheres, each responsible for different functions. The left hemisphere is associated with language and speech, logical and analytical thinking, mathematics, and sequential processing. The right hemisphere is responsible for visual-spatial skills, creativity, artistic abilities, and maintaining attention.
How do the left and right hemispheres communicate with each other?
The left and right hemispheres communicate through a structure called the corpus callosum.
Define brain lateralization.
Brain lateralization refers to the specialization of the two hemispheres of the brain for different tasks.
What is the role of the left hemisphere in motor control?
The left hemisphere controls motor movements on the right side of the body.
What is the role of the right hemisphere in motor control?
The right hemisphere controls motor movements on the left side of the body.
How many neurons does the human brain consist of?
The human brain consists of about 86 billion neurons.
What is the significance of the cerebrum in the brain?
The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is involved in various higher brain functions.
Define nature in the context of brain development.
Nature refers to genetic inheritance and biological factors that impact brain development.
Give examples of how genetics can influence brain development.
Genetics can influence traits such as intelligence, temperament, and the potential for certain abilities or talents, as well as predispose individuals to mental health conditions.
How can inherited conditions affect brain function?
Inherited conditions, such as genetic disorders like Down syndrome or Huntington’s disease, can affect brain structure and function.
Define nurture in the context of brain development.
Nurture encompasses environmental factors and experiences that influence brain development.
What impact do childhood experiences have on brain development?
Childhood experiences, including learning, social interactions, and attachment, play key roles in shaping the brain.
How can education and enrichment affect cognitive abilities?
Stimulating environments, such as access to books and educational activities, can enhance cognitive abilities.
What negative effects can stress and trauma have on brain development?
Chronic stress or trauma can negatively impact brain development, particularly in areas related to emotional regulation.
How does environmental enrichment influence neuroplasticity?
Environmental enrichment can enhance neuroplasticity, strengthening connections between neurons and improving cognitive skills.
What role do social experiences play in brain structure?
Social experiences and learning significantly affect brain structure and development.