unit 2 Flashcards
(24 cards)
Define what makes a biological tissue.
A biological tissue is a group of cells that work together to perform a specific function.
What is the field of anatomy that studies tissues?
Histology.
Name the four main tissue types of the body.
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.
What are the general functions of the four main tissue types?
Epithelial tissue covers and protects surfaces, connective tissue supports and binds other tissues, muscle tissue enables movement, and nervous tissue transmits signals.
Describe the general characteristics of epithelial tissue.
Epithelial tissue is characterized by closely packed cells, minimal extracellular matrix, polarity, and a high rate of regeneration.
Describe the general characteristics of connective tissue.
Connective tissue has scattered cells, a significant extracellular matrix, varying vascularity, and a variety of cell types.
Name the three primary germ layers of the embryo.
Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
What tissues or organ systems does the ectoderm give rise to?
Epidermis, nervous system, and sensory organs.
What tissues or organ systems does the mesoderm give rise to?
Muscle, bone, blood, and connective tissues.
What tissues or organ systems does the endoderm give rise to?
Lining of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, and associated glands.
Describe the structural organization of connective tissue.
Connective tissue is organized with scattered cells, an extracellular matrix, varying vascularity, and the presence of extracellular fibers.
Where in the body would you find connective tissue proper?
In areas such as the dermis of the skin, tendons, ligaments, and surrounding organs.
Contrast the structure of epithelial tissue vs. connective tissue.
Epithelial tissue has tightly packed cells with minimal extracellular matrix, while connective tissue has scattered cells with a significant extracellular matrix.
What is the anatomical and functional relationship between epithelial and connective tissue?
Epithelial tissue is supported by connective tissue, which provides nutrients and structural support.
Define the term ‘matrix’ in connective tissue.
The matrix is the extracellular material that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells.
Define the term ‘ground substance’ in connective tissue.
Ground substance is the amorphous gel-like component of the matrix that fills the space between cells and fibers.
What are the three types of organic fibers in connective tissue?
Collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers.
What do fibroblasts secrete?
Fibroblasts secrete collagen and elastin fibers, as well as ground substance.
What properties do collagen fibers give to a tissue?
Collagen fibers provide tensile strength and structural support.
What property does elastin give to a tissue?
Elastin provides elasticity and the ability to return to original shape after stretching.
List the six main types of connective tissue proper.
Loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue, adipose tissue, reticular connective tissue, dense regular connective tissue, and dense irregular connective tissue.
Compare dense irregular connective tissue with areolar (loose connective) tissue.
Dense irregular connective tissue has a thicker collagen fiber arrangement and provides strength in multiple directions, while areolar tissue has a loose arrangement of fibers and provides flexibility and cushioning.
Compare dense irregular connective tissue with dense regular connective tissue.
Dense irregular connective tissue has fibers arranged in various directions for multi-directional strength, while dense regular connective tissue has fibers arranged in parallel for strength in one direction.
