Unit 2 Flashcards
(118 cards)
1
Q
Achromatic
A
Having no discernible hue.
2
Q
Additive Color Process
A
The mixing of color with light; additive color is seen when light is projected.
3
Q
Alley
A
The space between columns.
4
Q
Analogous Colors
A
Hues which are next to each other on the color wheel; analogous colors on one side of the color wheel are considered warm, and on the other side, cool.
5
Q
Ascender
A
The name for the part of a typographic character that extends above the mean line, or any character which has an ascender.
6
Q
Baseline
A
The implied horizontal line upon which typographic characters sit.
7
Q
Bauhaus
A
An art and craft movement begun at a school in Germany in the 1920s; emphasized the functional aspects of design and was characterized by the use of simple geometric shapes, sans-serif type, and a lack of adornment.
8
Q
Big Type
A
A layout style characterized by the use of a very large headline.
9
Q
Blackletter
A
A type classification developed in the 1400s and based on written manuscripts; characterized by elaborate, straight, angular strokes. Member type families include Fraktur and Rotunda.
10
Q
Bleed
A
In a composition, layout elements which extend all the way to the edge of the picture frame.
11
Q
CRT
A
Cathode ray tube; the name for the display found on older traditional computer monitors and television sets; CRTs use the additive primaries, RGB, to produce color.
11
Q
Bold
A
A weight of a typeface that is thicker than regular.
12
Q
CMYK
A
Cyan, magenta, yellow, and black; these inks are known as the “four color process” in the commercial printing industry, and are mixed on the printed page to produce the illusion of full color.
13
Q
Caption
A
In page layout, lines of descriptive text positioned under a graphic or photograph.
14
Q
Centered Alignment
A
Lines of type which are aligned along a central axis.
15
Q
Chromotherapy
A
A complementary medical method of treating disease with color.
16
Q
Character
A
A member of the complete set of letters, numerals, punctuation, and symbols belonging to a typeface.
16
Q
Circus
A
A layout style characterized by the use of a wide variety of shapes and sizes of design elements.
17
Q
Color Forecast
A
Annual trend predictions made by color marketing and various design trade organizations.
18
Q
Color Temperature
A
A measurement in Kelvin used to describe lighting conditions when viewing color.
19
Q
Color Spectrum
A
The seven hues of visible light: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. These hues are arranged on the spectrum by wavelength.
20
Q
Color Wheel
A
A circular arrangement of hues in the order that they appear in the light color spectrum. The color wheel most commonly referenced has 12 segments and uses the subtractive color model.
21
Q
Complementary Colors
A
Two hues which sit directly opposite each other on the color wheel.
21
Q
Column
A
In a layout, a defined block of space that contains type or image; columns are bordered by margins.
22
Condensed
Part of a typeface name that describes width; condensed typefaces take up less space along the baseline.
23
Decorative Type
Novelty or illustrative typefaces used primarily for headlines or initial capital letters.
24
Desktop Publishing
The term for the creation of digital documents using page layout software; this production method revolutionized the work of the graphic designer.
25
Descender
The name for the part of a typographic character that extends below the baseline, or any character which has a descender.
26
Display
One of two general terms used to describe type size; display type is larger than text and suitable for use in a headline.
27
Egyptian
A type classification developed in the early 1800s and named for a trend popularizing Egyptian antiques; characterized by rectangular or so called slab serifs and the use of strokes of even weight. Member type families include Clarendon and Rockwell.
28
Expanded
Part of a typeface name that describes width; expanded typefaces take up more space along the baseline.
29
Eye Flow
The path of a viewer's eye.
30
Frame
A layout style characterized by the use of a border.
31
Free Form
Lines of type which do not appear to follow a strict justified, right, left, or centered alignment.
32
Grid
An underlying structure upon which a layout can be built; typically comprised of rows, columns, and the gaps between them.
33
Golden Section
A geometrically calculated proportion; recognized throughout art and design history as aesthetically pleasing.
34
Grayscale
A multi-step arrangement of swatches of achromatic grays; each step in a grayscale represents an even progression in value from white to black.
35
Gutter
The space between two adjoining pages.
36
Headline
In a layout, a main heading above a block of text.
37
Hexadecimal Color
The color system used to describe web pages, defined by the base 16 notational system; combinations of the numerals from 0 through 9 and letters from A though F are assigned to each color in this system.
38
Hierarchy
The organization of elements according to importance. In typography, hierarchy is achieved by placement, size, color, or style.
39
Hue
The name of a color.
40
Initial Capital Letter
The first letter of the first word in a paragraph; often decorative, it is enlarged to the height of several lines which surround it.
41
International Style
Also known as Swiss Style, a style characterized by the use of asymmetrical balance, rigid typographic grids, and the use of sans-serif typefaces.
42
Italic
A type posture; type which appears to slant to the right.
43
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
German writer and artist who studied the physiological effects of color; opposed Newton's analytical data, and also created a color circle.
44
Johannes Gutenburg
German jeweler and printer who invented the printing press and printed the first book in 1456.
45
Johannes Itten
1920s Swiss painter and teacher who developed color theory as we know it today, and wrote The Art of Color. Itten's 12-step color sphere is still in widespread use as a model for students of color theory.
46
Josef Albers
American artist, teacher, and author of Interaction of Color, one of the most important books on perception and the study of color theory.
47
Josef Müller-Brockmann
Swiss graphic designer, teacher, and key proponent of the International Style movement; pioneered the use of grid systems in graphic design.
48
Justified Alignment
Lines of type which are spaced to align along both a left and a right margin, creating a block.
49
Kerning
The spacing between letter pairs in a headline, often adjusted to make the white space visually even.
50
Leading
Pronounced ledding, another term for linespacing; refers to the non-digital printing technique of using strips of lead to create the space between lines.
51
Left Alignment
Lines of type which are aligned to a left margin and ragged on the right.
52
Letterspacing
The spacing between letter pairs.
53
Light
A weight of a typeface that is thinner than regular.
54
Linespacing
The space between lines of type, usually measured in points. In computer program settings, the number used is the amount of linespacing added to the size of the type.
55
Lower Case
An uncapitalized letterform, originally referring to the location of the wooden "case" which held metal characters in a print shop.
56
Margins
White space which frames the elements in a page layout.
57
Mean Line
In a lower case letter, an implied horizontal line which falls across the top of the letter 'x.'
58
Modern
A type classification developed in the late 1700s; characterized by a geometric quality, hairline thin serifs, and extreme contrast between thick and thin strokes. Member type families include Bodoni and Didot.
59
Module
Name for the basic component of a layout grid which overlays a matrix of columns and rows.
60
Mondrian
A layout style named after a Dutch painter and characterized by emphasis dividing the space into obvious sections.
61
Monospaced Type
A non-proportional typeface; each character takes up the same amount of space
61
Monochromatic
A color scheme based on just one hue plus its tints and shades.
62
Old Style
A type classification developed in the 1400s and based on ancient Roman inscriptions and an early writing style. This style is characterized by low contrast between thick and thin strokes and distinctive numerals. Member type families include Garamond and Caslon.
62
Movable Type
A component of Gutenberg's press; individual high relief characters each on their own metal block.
63
OpenType
The most recent font file format; OpenType was developed by Adobe Systems and can be used on both Windows and Macintosh computer systems. File extension: .otf.
64
PMS
Pantone Matching System™; this system is used in the commercial printing industry to specify, match, and mix flat color inks.
65
Paragraph
More than one line of type.
66
Paragraph Rule
In page layout, a term used to describe a line used as a graphic element and positioned within a column of text.
67
Pica
The unit used when measuring the length of a line of type; there are six picas in an inch.
68
Picture Window
A vertical layout style characterized by a large picture at the top with a headline and body copy below.
69
Pigment
Coloring matter, usually powdered, mixed with a liquid base in order to produce paint or ink.
70
Point
The unit used when measuring letterforms; a point measures 1/72 of an inch. Type is measured vertically from the bottom of the descender to the top of the ascender.
71
PostScript Type 1
A font file format developed by Adobe; PostScript fonts consist of two files. File extension: .ps.
72
Posture
The vertical orientation of a typeface; some typefaces slant to the right (italic).
73
Primary Colors
The triad of red, blue, and yellow on the subtractive color wheel, or red, green, and blue (RGB) on the additive color wheel.
74
Proportional Type Spacing
Letter spacing that compensates for the shape of each character.
75
Readability
How easily words and blocks of words can be read.
76
Rebus
A layout style characterized by a headline with some of the words replaced with pictures.
77
Regular
The normal weight of a typeface.
78
Right Alignment
Lines of type which align to a right margin and are ragged on the left.
79
Row
A component of a layout grid which spans the page horizontally.
79
Sans Serif
A category of typefaces which have no serifs; comes from the French word meaning "without feet."
80
Sans-Serif
A type classification developed in the early 1800s and later popularized by the Bauhaus movement; characterized by the absence of serifs and uniform thickness of stroke. Member type families include Helvetica and Futura.
81
Saturation
Another term for the intensity of a color; usually refers to the purity or vividness of a color.
82
Script
A type classification developed in the late 1700s and originally based on handwriting; characterized by italic letterforms that can be formal or casual and sometimes joined. Member families include Nuptial and Zapfino.
83
Secondary Colors
Hues which are the result of mixing two primary colors in equal amounts.
84
Serif
An ending cross stroke added to the stem of a letter, or the category of typefaces containing only those with serifs; comes from the French word meaning "feet."
85
Set Width
A command in a computer graphics application that condenses or expands type along the baseline.
86
Silhouette
A layout style characterized by picture elements that are cut out of their backgrounds.
86
Shade
In the subtractive color system, a hue plus black, which darkens the value of a color.
87
Simultaneous Contrast
The effect two neighboring colors have on one another; this effect is contained in one of Albers' laws of interaction.
88
Sir Isaac Newton
English physicist, mathematician, and color theorist who decomposed light into the colors of the spectrum; devised the Particle Theory of Light and created the first color circle.
89
Split Complementary Colors
A combination of three colors, consisting of a main hue and the two hues that sit on either side of its complement on the color wheel.
90
Spread
The term for two facing pages.
91
Subhead
In a page layout, a heading smaller and of lesser importance than a headline.
92
Subtractive Color Process
The mixing of color with pigment; subtractive color is seen when light is absorbed or reflected by pigment.
93
Tertiary Colors
Hues which are the result of mixing a combination of a primary and a secondary color in equal amounts.
94
Text
Also known as body copy, one of two general terms used to describe type size; text type is 12 points or smaller, which distinguishes it from headlines.
94
Tint
In the subtractive color system, a hue plus white, which lightens the value of a color.
95
Tone
In the subtractive color system, a hue plus gray, which mutes the color.
96
Tracking
The spacing over a range of letters and words in body copy, often adjusted for fit or style.
97
Transitional
A type classification developed in the 1700s which evolved from Old Style; characterized by wider characters and greater contrast between thick and thin strokes than Old Style. Member type families include Baskerville and Bookman.
98
Triad
The name for three hues positioned on the color wheel in the shape of an equilateral triangle.
99
TrueType
A font file format developed by Microsoft; TrueType comes in both Windows and Macintosh versions. File extension: .ttf.
100
Type Family
The complete group of typefaces available which share a common or "family" name, and all weights, postures, and widths.
101
Type Specimen
A sample page of a particular typeface shown in a variety of sizes and linespacing.
102
Typeface
The complete name of a type family member, typically containing the name of the publisher, family, weight, posture, and width.
103
Type Weight
The thickness of a letter stroke.
104
Upper Case
A capital letterform, originally referring to the location of the wooden "case" which held metal characters in a print shop.
105
Value
Another term for lightness or darkness.
106
WYSIWYG
What You See Is What You Get; used to describe the ability to see type and image detail on a computer screen that is the equivalent of the printed version.
107
Wayfinding
Visual systems which assist the viewer in finding a location or following a certain path within an environment.
108
Wireframe
In web design, a schematic which shows the underlying structure of a web page.
109
X-Height
In a lower case letter, the vertical distance from the baseline to the mean line.
110
de Stijl
Means "the Style;" a Dutch art movement focused on the use of simple geometric form and primary colors. The painter Mondrian was part of this movement.
