Unit 2

Question 1

cell theory

Answer 1

• all organisms are composed of one or more cells
• cell is basic unit of organization of all organisms
• all cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 2

prokaryotic

Answer 2

simple cell, contains DNA in nucleoid region and ribosomes in cytoplasm
no nucleus/other membrane bound organelles

Question 3

eukaryotic

Answer 3

complex cell, contains specialized membrane bound organelles in cytoplasm, including nucleus and ER
DNA in nucleus, divides w mitosis

Question 4

cellular homeostasis

Answer 4

maintenance of a stable internal environment in the cytoplasm in the presence of a dynamic external environment in the extracellular space

Question 5

simple diffusion

Answer 5

movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration, until equilibrium is reached

Question 6

osmosis

Answer 6

diffusion of water molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration

Question 7

facilitated diffusion

Answer 7

if molecules are too large or too polar to diffuse across membrane, they rely on carrier proteins to transport them across in a process called facilitated diffusion

Question 8

hypotonic

Answer 8

lower solute concentration relative to another solution

Question 9

hypertonic

Answer 9

higher solute concentration relative to another solution

Question 10

isotonic

Answer 10

equal concentration

Question 11

plasmolysis

Answer 11

result of continual movement of water molecules out of a cell, leading to dehydration of the cytosol/wilted appearance

Question 12

cytolysis

Answer 12

result of continual movement of water molecules into a cell, leading to flooding of cytosol and possibly bursting of the cell itself

Question 13

cell membrane pumps

Answer 13

pump runs to get certain ions in/out cell, and keep nerves working, type of active transport that utilizes an integral protein

Question 14

bulk flow

Answer 14

movement of many individual molecules or of one relatively large substance into or out of the cell

Question 15

endocytosis

Answer 15

bulk flow into of cell

Question 16

exocytosis

Answer 16

bulk flow out of cell

Question 17

photosynthesis

Answer 17

biochemical pathway that converts the sun’s radiant energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose

Question 18

cellular respiration

Answer 18

cellular respiration- biochemical pathway that converts chemical energy in the form of glucose into cellular energy in the form of ATP

Question 19

NADPH

Answer 19

energy intermediate that is a product of the light reactions, a reactant of dark reactions, is unique to photosynthesis

Question 20

carontenoids

Answer 20

an accessory pigment of photosynthesis that reflects orange-yellow wavelengths of visible light

Question 21

chemiosmosis

Answer 21

process of generating ATP through the diffusion of H+ across a membrane

Question 22

PGAL

Answer 22

when 3 carbon dioxide molecules are used during one turn of the calvin cycle, this 3-carbon molecule is removed to help build glucose

Question 23

passive transport

Answer 23

any type of transport that moves substances down the concentration gradient

Question 24

photosystem

Answer 24

a molecule that absorbs certain wavelengths in all living cells that acts as an energy source for metabolic processes

Question 25

semi-permeable

Answer 25

a characteristic of cell membranes that allows them to regulate transport